ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510502

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510503

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractApplication and design of static mixers. Static mixers are units without, or only with fixed, internal fittings which effect the mixing of flowing materials with the aid of their kinetic energy. They are used for continuous homogenization and dispersion, for limitation of the residence time spectrum, and for raising heat and mass transfer in all areas of chemical engineering. Over 20 static mixers are presented, and compared with regard to pressure drop, mixing quality, energy consumption, and residence time and heat transfer behaviour. Important selection criteria are reported. Static mixers have the following advantages over dynamic mixers: use for a wide range of viscosities, narrow residence time spectrum, readily adaptable to existing pipe systems, frequently require no extra space (in‐line mixers), negligible maintainance and wear, low investment and operating cost

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510504

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPROBAD – A program system for stress calculations on vessels, equipment, and steam generators. The PROBADprogram system performs stress calculations according to TRD Rules, AD Codes, DIN Standards, as well as ASMECode Sec. VIII Div. 1 and TEMAStandards. Starting from given assemblies, whole vessels or parts thereof are designed or checked. Moreover, the PROBADlanguage also permits supplementary assignment of user‐specific and standard values to the system without any need for direct modification of the program system. The input and output can likewise be set up in a user‐specific m

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510505

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMultipurpose incinerators for bulky industrial waste. The rising cost of fuel and power has forced us to develop new and improved methods also in the disposal of bulky industrial waste. A series of factors must be taken into consideration. For the conventional technique of incineration it would at first appear that the efficient disposal of bulky industrial waste presents an almost insurmountable problem. However, practical experience gained on various plants has shown that there are a number of useful solutions to the problem. It is possible to incinerate bulky industrial waste up to certain unit sizes in an ecologically unobjectionable manner. In the long term, considerable economical advantages are forseeable. However, detailed planning is indispensible for the optimization of such processes.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510506

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTitanium carbide – an industrial hard material. Titanium carbide, whose industrial application has been closely linked with the history and development of sintered metal carbides since 1930/31, has revolutionized the technology of the machining of steel when used in the form of multicarbide composites. Typical innovations of the post‐war era are not only the dominant WC/TaC/TiC‐Co carbide materials but also TiC‐NiMo materials and TiC‐coated metal cutting devices. In contrast to TaC or WC, the market situation is largely independent of price and quantity fluctuations of raw

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510507

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdditional safety aspects of coiled‐layer containers. The coiled‐layer construction technique has a number of particular safety engineering advantages over solid construction methods which are characterized by the following features: (1) Each kind of stress in a container is directed to a shell specially designed for this kind of stress. (2) A planned arrangement of welding seams minimises weakening. (3) The containers can be constantly monitored. (4) Failures remain under control owing to the possibility of constant monitoring. Examples and experiments are reported for the Krupp coiled‐layer construction m

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510508

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAfter‐treatment of semifinished products and equipment made of austenitic steel to avoid stress corrosion. Among the factors initiating stress corrosion, the extent and distribution of internal tensile stress are the least tractable. Unknown internal stresses are always superposed on the estimable operational stresses. If they arise from distortions or welding, the former are distributed throughout the entire cross‐section. The action of tools, e.g. on turning or grinding, can also lead to high internal tensile stresses in a thin surface zone. Such stresses are of particular significance because stress corrosion is initiated on the surface. In this article, it is shown that it is usually sufficient to adequately reduce these surface‐proximate internal tensile stresses, e.g. by a pickling process removing a surface layer of material, in order to eliminate stress corrosion and thus to extend the scope of austenitic steels. Should the internal tensile stresses due to distortion and welding suffice to initiate stress corrosion under particularly aggressive conditions, one can attempt to reduce the stress by suitable heat treatment; however, no impermissable change in the microstructure of the steel may occur. Finally, it is also possible to produce compressive stress in a thin surface zone by shot peening so that no stress corrosion can take place. The advantages and disadvantages of the various possibilities are illustrated with the aid of exa

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510509

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAutomated monitoring of atmospheric pollution. More and more fully‐automated, computer‐controlled measuring grids for the monitoring of immission or nuisance levels are being planned and implemented. The requirements and limiting conditions in immission surveillance lead to hierarchically organized measuring systems in which the analytical apparatus are combined in automated monitoring stations. The monitoring stations each contain apparatus for the various pollutants as well as ancillary equipment. Great importance is attached to the sampling system and to equipment for automatic instrument surveilla

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510510

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndustrial prototypes for the pyrolysis of used tyres and waste plastic materials. The increasing amounts of old tyres and waste plastics are creating problems regarding their disposal and recycling. Such wastes, however, can be converted by pyrolysis into almost residue‐free organic raw materials. Various processes, particularly for the pyrolysis of old tyres, are described which have been tested in Japan, the USA, Great Britain and the Federal Republic of Germany. In indirectly heated fluidized sand beds whole automobile tyres can be decomposed to give up to 20 wt‐% gas, 30 wt‐% aromatics, 40 wt‐% carbon black, and 10 wt‐% st

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330510511

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY