摘要:

AbstractStatic mixers and their applications. Static mixers are generally made up of similar, fixed mixing units installed at right angles to each other in series along a tube or a channel. The energy of mixing is extracted from the flow. Twelve different units are presented. The mixing effect in static mixers under conditions of laminar flow is accomplished either by specially designed feed systems, by cutting and twisting, by displacement and distortion, or by separation and expansion. Depending upon the mixer, very different lengths are required to achieve the same degree of homogeneity. Compared with an empty tube, the pressure drop in static mixers is some 7‐to 200‐fold greater for laminar flow and 100‐ to 600‐fold greater for turbulent flow. Static mixers are employed in all areas of chemical engineering for homogenization, for reduction of the resisdence‐time spectrum, and for heat exchange. Since maintenance and wear are negligible, since incorporation frequently requires no extra space, and since they can be used over wide ranges of viscosity, static mixers are being increasingly employed in continuous

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520402

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUnder what conditions are anticorrosion liners made from fluorinated plastic film effective? Equipment lined with fluorinated plastics is nowadays making a major contribution to the solution of difficult materials problems. If such equipment is to be used successfully, it is essential that its manufacturer is familiar with the specific properties of the lining materials and takes them into account in the design and production of the equipment. However, it is just as important for the operator to adjust to the material when operating the plant. On the basis of many years of experience, the most important problems associated with loose liners made from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) –viz.leakproofness and permeability of the liner, flange system, dimensional stability towards vacuum, handling, and installation – are indicated and possible solutions sta

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520403

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDesign and construction of highly corrosion‐resistant plant for thermal processes. The demands made by the chemical and pharmaceutical industry on materials science have increased considerably in recent years. Requirements have been largely satisfied in the field of corrosion by the development of materials having special properties. Applications, properties, and new developments are illustrated in connection with the use of borosilicate glass in combination with other highly corrosion‐resistant materials, such as PTFE, graphite, steel/enamel, titanium, tantalum,

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520404

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAtomization of liquids. The process of droplet formation can be represented quite clearly with the aid of dimensionless factors. Thus, clear distinction can be made between dripping, spluttering and atomization for the flow of a liquid through nozzles. In the first two cases laminar flow dominates; droplets of a definite size are formed. Atomization, on the other hand, is conversion of a jet in a turbulent state of flow into a fine spray of droplets covering a wide size range. The most commonly used atomization apparatus include one‐and two‐substance jets, rotation atomizers, and special purpose j

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520405

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractParticle collection by fibrous filters. Technically employed fibre filters can be classified according to their construction and application in two major groups: deep bed filters and fabric filters. Approaches to the calculation of the collection efficiency for both types of filters start from a clean nondusted filter layer. From this one examines only the initial state, which is especially critical, while the degree of collection as a rule becomes better with increasing dust accumulation. Various models are available for the calculation of the pressure drop. The initial pressure drop for deep bed filters can be calculated with the help of the resistance model. Especially important are those estimates, which for purification filters describe the pressure drop or the gas flow with increasing dust accumulation, because these equations can serve directly for the dimensioning of filter plants. Of courese, characteristic permeability values for filter fabric and dust layer must be determined beforehand. The possibilities and problems of these calculations, as well as open questions, will be discussed.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520406

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractProduction of synthesis gas from lignite. The production of methanol synthesis gas from lignite is explained for the high‐temperature Winkler process. The influence of experimental factors on the economics of the overall process is indicated, and the production of methanol synthesis gas from lignite, residual oil, and natural gas is compared. The article concludes by presenting further developments of the high‐temperature Winkler proc

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520407

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520408

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520409

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520410

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330520411

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY