ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670602

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHistory of Control and Automation in Chemical Engineering. Control and automatization have been associated with chemistry and chemical engineering since long before the present information era. Since the early history of mankind precedents of what were to be called unit operations have been closely associated with control and automation concepts. The history of these concepts illustrates the development of theory and practice from the classic Greek times through Islamic and European Middle Ages up to today's chemical engineering. It also demonstrates the close interdependence of such development with leading social and scientific concepts, education systems and economic conditions.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670603

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEfficient Process Development by Combining Process Simulation and Miniplant Technique. International competition, growing ever fiercer, and product life cycles which are becoming shorter all the time demand a significant contraction times from the chemical industry, of the implementation times from the conception of a product to its market introduction. A significant contribution to rapid and cost‐effective detailed planning of a new production process is provided by the combination of process simulation and an experimental technique developed within BASF AG, i.e. the „miniplant”︁ technique. This article starts by demonstrating the importance of process simulation in the individual phases of process development. It explains the characteristic features of the miniplant technique, what objectives are pursued by employing his technique, and what advantages ccan be achieved, compared with setting up and operating pilot plants. Finally, two examples illustrate that it is possible, by combining process simulation and miniplant technique, to develop processes more rapidely and to scale them up directly from the laboratory to productio

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670604

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies of Gas Separation on Microporous Membranes. The composition of Gas Mixtures can be influenced with the aid of microporous membranes by exploitation of the Knudsen effect. The components of lower molecular mass are enriched in the permeated gases while the components of higher molecular mass are concentrated in the retained gases. The best separation is achieved at higher Knudsen numbers. The maximum achievable separation factor is limited by the molecular mass ratio. Hence the gas components in the permeate can be enriched or depleted but never completely separated. In the present experiments, separation factors up to 1.39 and enrichment factors up to 1.10 were attained. However, these values should be substantially improved on use of surface modified porous membranes. Use of ceramic membrane materials permits use of this separation mechanism at very high temperatures.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670605

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractElectromembrane Processes, Part 2: Applications. The first part of this survey described the fundamentals and the basic equations for the mathematical modelling of electromembrane processes. In the second part a number of applications is considered. First mass transfer in ion exchange membranes is discussed. Further points are electrodialysis with bipolar membranes for the production of acid and base from a salt solution and some recent developments for the combination of electrodialysis and ion exchange.Electrodialyse with bipolar membranes allows the recycling of acids or bases from acid or base scrubbersand can also be used for electrochemical reactions in nonaqueous media. Combination of electrodialysis and ion exchange permits a continous operation of ion exchange columns with simultaneous regeneration using ion exchange membranes. This results in low consumption of regeneration chemicals and the minimisation of waste products.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670606

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670607

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670608

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670609

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670610

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330670611

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1995

数据来源: WILEY