摘要:

AbstractMelt crystallization of organic substances and its large scale application. In the separation and purification of organic substances, water‐ and solvent free melt crystallization is gaining importance as an independent thermal unit operation. This contribution reviews the physico‐chemical fundamentals, the various process fundamentals, large scale application examples and advantageous possibilities of combination of melt crystallization with other separation processes. A consideration of advantages and disadvantages of this particular separation process should indicate possibilities for new fields of applicat

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570202

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReprocessing of spent nuclear fuels. The present waste disposal concept for nuclear power plant requires the rapid construction of a reprocessing plant in the Federal Republic of Germany, with the location still being uncertain (Bavaria or Lower Saxony). The task of such a plant will consist in recovering usable nuclear fuels and processing them to new fuel elements. Waste materials are prepared for final disposal. The components of the plant are presented with their design data, associated development plans are discussed, and changes with respect to former plans, in particular the maintenance concept, are outlined. The article also reports the present status of the licensing procedure and current planning.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570203

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe plant management functions in chemical industry. The information flow can be structured by a layer model, comprising the plant management layer, the process control layer, and the field layer. The higher company management layer issues production orders which are detailed at the plant management layer with the aid of a formulation; amounts of materials required, equipment, personnel, and laboratory measurements are assigned as a prerequisite for production. These tasks are described in detail, the flow of information between the adjacent layers indicated, and the layer structure of other business units briefly considered.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570204

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDemands placed on processing plants by developments in legislation for the protection of water. Initial legislation for protection of water against pollution was limited to general regulations ensuring safe storage of mineral oil products, especially fuel oil. In the course of time, the requirements became more and more detailed and extended to cover all substances representing a potential source of danger to water (not only liquids) and plant serving purposes other than the storage of water‐endangering substances. The developments from the 1. Water Ecology Act dating from 1960 to the state regulations concerning plant for the storage, filling, and transferring of water‐endangering substances are descri

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570205

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPervaporation and gas permeation – fundamentals of process development. Non‐porous membranes represent the basis of reverse osmosis, of pervaporation, and also of gas permeation. In each case, economic viability was achieved only when it proved possible to use this kind of membrane in its asymmetric form in each of the processes concerned. Starting from the mass transfer in the membrane, the influence of each of the following points on plant design for pervaporation and gas permeation is discussed: 1. asymmetry of the membranes; 2. concentration polarization; 3. flow in the module; 4. the pressure drop; and 5. the heat transfer problem (exists only for pervaporation). In connection with the flow in the modules, the economics of series of membranes and membrane columns are compared. In conclusion, a number of applications are discussed which demonstrate where economically sound uses of the two processes are to be fo

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570206

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570207

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570208

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570209

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570210

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570211

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY