摘要:

AbstractIncineration plant with flue‐gas scrubbers for disposal of chemical waste. Incineration plant No. II installed at the Bayer Facilities at Leverkusen/Germany has been in regular operation since November 1977 after a previous one‐year period of testing. About 25 000 t of industrial waste per year can be burnt in this plant, simultaneously producing nearly 140 000 t of steam. The plant consists of a bunker building, a rotary kiln and secondary combustion chamber, including all the feeding equipment for solid, viscous, and liquid wastes, as well as a boiler, an electrostatic dust precipitator, and a wet gas cleaning unit. This latter unit consists of an injection cooler (quencher), two rotary scrubbers, and a jet scrubber. The cleaned flue gas is reheated in two heat exchangers and is discharged from a suction blower through a 100 m high chimney into the atmosphere. Around the chimney several measuring instruments are installed to check and continuously record the type and amount of emission. The scrubber water is sent to the company waste water treatment plant; the solid ashes and dust are dumped separately. The average incineration costs are DM 400 per ton of wa

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMeteorological problems in determining minimum stack height. In the Federal Republic of Germany the minimum stack height must be determined with the aid of the “TA Luft” code. The method of determination has been developed with a number of simplifications concerning constancy and homogeneity of emission data, meteorological parameters, and topographical structure. The influences of these simplifications are discussed, and improved methods of determining necessary stack heights are descri

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPyrolytic recovery of raw materials from special wastes. The pyrolytic techniques developed especially for producing smelting coke from coal and in petroleum refining can be applied to the thermal decomposition of waste materials having a high organic content. Fluidized bed reactors and rotary kilns are particularly suitable as universally applicable pyrolysis units for continuous operation. Highly aromatic pyrolysis oils for use as chemical raw material, heating gases for the autothermic operation of the pyrolysis unit, and carbon and solids containing nonferrous metals are obtained from plastics waste, used tires, old cable, shredder wastes, and acid resins at reactor temperatures of about 700°C. Largescale applicability and economics of the process have yet to be proved

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDevelopment and planning of plant for the high‐pressure extraction of natural products. Important criteria in the designing of plant for the recovery of carrier or extract are reviewed, especially for the extraction of natural products with supercritical CO2. The quantities to be determined in the planning of a large‐scale plant are outlined and a typical process, the extraction of spices, is discussed in detail. The plant components and assemblies are presented together with their particular process engineering and construction characteristics. Finally, the thermodynamic aspects are dealt with in more detail and ways of optimizing a large‐scale plant and reducing the power consumption are outlined. Particular attention is paid to the question of optimization regarding the most economic method of operation of such a plant in the f

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMathematical modelling of fluidized bed reactors. Among the many fluidized bed models to be found in the literature, the two‐phase model originally proposed byMayhas proved most suitable for accommodation of recent advances in flow mechanics: this model resolves the gas/solids fluidized bed into a bubble phase and a suspension phase surrounding the bubbles. Its limitation to slow reactions is a disadvantage. On the basis of the analogy between fluidized beds and gas/liquid systems, a general two‐phase model that is valid for fast reactions has therefore been developed and its validity is confirmed by comparison with the experimental results obtained by other authors. The model describes mass transfer across the phase interface with the aid of the film theory known from gas/liquid reactor technology, and the reaction occurring in the suspension phase as a pseudo‐homogeneous reaction. Since the dependence of the performance of fluidized bed reactors upon geometry is accounted for, the model can also be used for scale‐up calculations. Its use is illustrated with the aid of design d

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVapour explosions produced by contact between water and hot melts. A vapour explosion can occur on contact between two liquids of different temperatures if the temperature of the hotter liquid is higher than the boiling point of the cooler one. The explosion is due to very rapid vapour generation (phase transition of the cooler liquid). Vapour generation must be preceded by very good heat transfer by a fragmentation process with an enormous heat transfer coefficient. Experimental results are discussed for water as the cooler liquid and melts of glass or metal (Ga, Pb, Al, Cu, Fe) as the hotter liquid. The probability of the occurrence of steam explosions depends on the material of the melt, the temperatures of the two liquids (not only their temperature difference), the reacting masses, the shape of the device in which the reaction is to occur, and external triggering.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330501111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY