ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681002

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe coating of different substrates is an important part of many industrial manufacturing processes. The fluids used in these processes have very different rheological properties. They are coated to solid surfaces with high substrate velocities by dipping, spraying, casting or by the use of knives, blades and rollers. The field of flow between two rotating rollers is influenced by the free surface of the fluid and the contact point between the three phases, solid roller, coating fluid, and the surrounding gas. Viscous, inertial, gravitational and capillary forces control the velocity field between the rollers. Stable fluid coatings that satisfy the increasingly stringent demands on the quality of their surface structure have to be created within certain limits of the forces occurring. In order to predict these limits, the flow fields have to be completely calculated. Therefore all three conservation equations and an additional equation for the position of the free surfaces are solved with consideration of the constitutive equations and possible wall slip effects of the coating fluids.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681003

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes trends in the field of particle technology. The properties of dispersed matter which has to be handled in the chemical engineering processes or which has to be produced are of decisive importance. Future trends can be characterized by improvement of existing technologies, by a better understanding of fundamentals, combination of principles, extension of process parameters, process control and simulation, and new processes. An important trend is the production and handling of finer particles. Traditional methods of comminution and classification reach their limit around 1 μm. New processes for synthesis of particles by physical and chemical methods appear to becoming more popular. Nano‐sized particles may become of future relevance in various fields of technology such as material science, micro electronics or medici

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681004

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of membrane technology is developping from the solely work‐up of product and waste streams all the way to integration into processes. The membrane reactor offers, by analogy with biological cells, great possibilities for product‐integrated environmental protection. Two principal areas of application of membranes in reactors are becoming apparent. Use for removal of products or by‐products from bioreactors and the coupling with chemical reactions considered in this article. The first such membrane reactors served for the removal of water from esterification reaction mixtures. Significant advances for membrane reactor technology came with the recent development of membranes of enhanced selectivity and flow density as well as improved thermal and chemical stability. In addition to the availability of high‐performance membranes, fundamental knowledge and methods are required to assure efficient reaction‐engineering utilization of membrane reactors. This paper discusses fundamental concepts relating to the use of various membrane reactors in parallel, consecutive, and equilibrium reactions. In general, in the case of membrane‐supported parallel reactions, controlled addition of reactant can raise the reaction selectivity. Selective removal of primary and side products from consecutive or equilibrium reactions can increase yields. Comparison of membrane‐supported reactor types (batch, loop, and plug‐flow membrane reactors) indicate that the membrane‐supported loop reactor will prove most effective in the majority of cases thanks to its prono

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681005

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEfficient scheduling systems are able to enhance production flow and production times in process industry. Scheduling, in this case, means simulation with alternatives of resources and/or activities. The result will be the exact time of output for each activity and the resulting profiles of capacity vectors concerning the recommended resources. In contrast to this, common planning systems add only the user defined production time of activities. Especially for flexible plants with batch production and a variable spectrum of products, as weil as for plants in the stage of design or enlargement, scheduling systems can be very helpful in identifying bottlenecks and over‐capacities. Therefore, reduction of costs in a significant extent and additional benefits can be realized, provided that the individual conditions and objectives have been taken into accoun

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681006

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681007

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681008

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681009

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681010

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330681011

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY