摘要:

AbstractMeasuring techniques for characterizing gas/liquid reactors. The article considers measuring techniques for the characterization of the phases in gas/liquid reactors. These include the velocity profile and turbulence in the continuous phase as well as holdup, size, and velocity of the dispersed phase. Also, methods for the determination of the specific interfacial area and the volumetric mass transfer coefficients are discussed. Measuring methods have made enormous advances in recent years. In spite of this, there is a lack of reliable methods, especially for use during reactions without disturbing the state of the reactor. It is suspected that probe technique will gradually fall into disuse and more and more attention will be focussed on contractless methods. This calls for further development of ultrasonic methods and methods relying on emission of light.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570802

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdsorption technology – an area with potential for the future. Adsorption offers considerable industrial potential for separation of individual components or mixtures of components from gases and liquids. Since the separation process occurs at ambient temperatures or only slightly raised temperatures it offers the advantage of energetically favourable conditions. Adsorption is also particularly good for isolation of components present in very low concentrations. It therefore plays a significant role in the development of trace technology. Future possibilities depend on both the development of high performance adsorbents and on the development of adsorption devices of high specific performance. Solution of physicochemical and of engineering problems are of comparable importance. The present article describes general fundamentals of adsorption, the principal properties of adsorbents, and some technical adsorption processes. Contemporary adsorber designs are presented and some developmental trends addresse

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570803

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChoice and operation of vapour compressors in chemical production plant. The use of vapour compressors for evaporation, distillation processes and also for more complex processes has increased greatly due to the large increases in energy costs in the past. Generally, high speed radial compressors are used for these applications. Recommended operating ranges, investment costs as well as efficiencies at different compression ratios are explained, based on experience gained in technical application and manufacturers information. The example of combining a separation column and an evaporation step shows that not only a saving of energy, but also a significant reduction of waste water generation is achieved. The control strategy for a process having several recycle flow streams is explained. Based on operating experience, recommendations for field monitoring of the compressor are given.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570804

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSelection of solvents in liquid‐liquid extraction according to physico‐chemical aspects. Selection of appropriate solvents for liquid‐liquid extraction is frequently necessary in process design. High selectivity and capacity are important, but not the only considerations in choosing suitable solvents. In comparing the various solvents, their selectivity and capacity should be examined at infinite dilution of the solute in the solvent. The required limiting activity coefficients may be estimated if no experimental data are available. A preselection of solvents may be accomplished by considering the interactions of the molecules. There are certain parameters quantifying the ability of the components to interact. Therefore, a selection based merely on dielectric constants or solubility parameters is hardly concl

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570805

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570806

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570807

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570808

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570809

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570810

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330570811

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY