摘要:

AbstractCross flow filtration.Cross flow filtration is a filtration process in which the formation of a filter cake is limited or – under certain conditions – almost completely prevented by flow of the suspension across the filtration surface. For the industrial application of cross flow filtration a variety of apparatus has been developed, at present mainly used for clarifying and thickening filtration, respectively, of slurries containing very fine solids. This is reported on in general terms. In addition, a survey is given of the present state of research in cross flow filtration, including the authors' own work. It is concluded that the present basis for design and optimal adjustment of cross flow filtration apparatus is still rather uncertain, in spite of the fact that such equipment is already being successfully used for industrial purpo

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560802

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReaction engineering fundamentals relating to design and operation of bioreactors, Part 2.Part 1 of this contribution treated balances, thermodynamic data and models. The present part 2 considers the following: dynamic behaviour of combined reactor models, reactor observability and controllability, process design (optimum performance), optimal feed‐back control, and the feasibility of these points. In the case of biological systems the present limits of measured data acquisition have been reached. New measuring instruments will have to provide more information about the cells and about the dynamic behaviour of the cell‐reactor sys

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560803

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnvironmental protection at industrial scale utilization of coal.In view of the expected increase in consumption of coal and coal products to satisfy energy demands, a consideration of emissions released from coal mining and utilization facilities is of particular interest. Starting from a discussion of basic technical principles, possible sources of emission are established for the most important processes with electricity generation and coal refining playing major roles. A study of possible measures to reduce emissions, as well as emission data available in the literature, indicate future alternative courses of action when adopting various methods of utilization.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560804

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560805

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSupport biologies in waste water technology.The numerous possibilities of immobilizing biomass and using it fixed on a wide range of carriers in the available types of reactors is matched by a great variety of practical applications in waste water purification technology for partial, complete, subsequent, and ultrapurification. All support biologies share the following advantages to a greater or lesser extent: smaller reactor volumes and shorter reaction times thanks to higher biomass concentrations; volume reduction or elimination of subsequent purification pools owing to the more favourable sludge index and fixation in the reactor or the filter; long sludge lifetimes are possible (favourable for slowly multiplying nitrifiers and specialist strains); no floating sludge formation on carbohydrate degradation or nitrification; increase in process stability and degradation activity towards refractory compounds which are difficult to degrade biologically if suitable supports showing synergistic activity are used, such as highly porous activated charcoal.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560806

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560807

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560808

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560809

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560810

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560811

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY