摘要:

AbstractVibrational phenomena in chemical plant.This article draws on the practical experience of the author to provide a survey of vibrational problems in chemical plant and of their sources. Even though it is not always possible to eliminate all potential sources of vibration by appropriate calculation and design measures during the planning stage, they can usually be quickly identified subsequently by suitable measuring techniques and countermeasures adopted.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560502

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComputer‐aided retrieval of data collections in chemical engineering.Data collections are an important tool for more efficient and economical engineering in the various fields of chemical process technology. The computer‐aided utilization of available data collections has major advantages compared with manual processing. Computer‐aided utilization can be based on the identification retrieval or rank retrieval method. The advantage of the rank retrieval method is that it provides a spectrum of solutions sorted by the degree of coincidence with the ideal solution. Rank retrieval can be integrated into larger program packages within an integrated computer system which supports the design of chemical p

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560503

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEnergy savings in industrial NH3plant by heat recovery in the waste heat system.Minimization of energy consumption is nowadays a primary goal in the design of NH3plant. In this context two aspects are particularly important: first, the process steps and their combination must be selected in such a way that the level of energy that has to be supplied to the plant is kept low from the very beginning; second, heat recovery must be optimized by the choice of process conditions and use of appropriate equipment. An industrial NH3plant built according to these principles can operate at a consumption of as low as 29.5 GJ/t NH3, using proven processes and equipment. The first plant of this new generation with a capacity of 1120 t/d is currently under construction for Canadian Industries Ltd. (CIL) in Canada.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560504

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractModels and computational methods for the sudden release of pressure in gas/vapour‐liquid reaction systems.Design of pressure‐release sections in safety installations such as safety discs or safety valves for gas/vapour‐liquid reaction systems is essentially determined by thermodynamic and fluid dynamic processes as well as by the occurrence of parallel chemical reactions in the reaction vessels and in closed blow‐off lines. However, because of the highly complex interrelations and, in part, insufficient detailed knowledge, an exact calculation frequently causes difficulties. In order to present and evaluate the current state of the art, the individual phases of pressure release and the most important influencing factors as well as their significance for the pressure distribution as a function of time are described first. There follows a comparison of several computational methods taken from the literature, but which because they treat of the processes involved in a simple way either only permit very imprecise design of pressure‐release sections or which because of their specific model assumptions only apply to particular chemical reaction systems with special boundary conditions. Finally, the problems associated with the development of a generally applicable, reliable computational method are briefly

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560505

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSafe handling of pressurized hydrogen – storage and transport.For the necessary future transition to non‐fossile energy sources hydrogen is considered to be the ideal energy vector and will therefore assume ever‐increasing importance. However, safe handling of the gas will be a basic requirement. A particular difficulty with pressurized hydrogen is its relative incompatibility with many materials which are commonly used for pressure vessels, either for transportation or for storage. The paper summarizes the major factors instrumental in hydrogen embrittlement. In particular, it stresses the role played by service conditions and by the quality of the internal surface of the vessels when exposed to the gas. On the basis of these findings a number of recommendations are given with respect to vessel design and operating measures in order to secure safe working with high pressure hydroge

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560506

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560507

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTemperature control by recirculating water in chemical process plants.Temperature regulating systems that use water as circulating medium with direct feed of water vapour and cooling water are dynamically fast and favourable in price; therefore they are frequently installed. The designs produced show an according variety. First, the technical construction of such heating and cooling systems is described, concentrating on three different types – one circulation system for temperatures below 100 °C and two systems for higher temperatures with pressure regulation in circulating water by feed of additional water or by an appropriate steam bolster, respectively. Corresponding design factors such as heating and cooling capacity or pressure‐maintaining level and NPSH value are treated. It follows a description of the corresponding technical equipment for measurement and control. Depending on requirements, the different possibilities of instrumentation range from simple control to cascade control with limited regulation values and with P/PI‐structure changing during the start of process up to computer application. Even the selection of the regulation valves and the choice of valve characteristics are taken into conside

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560508

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560509

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560510

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330560511

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY