ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651102

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEcological Balances as an Instrument for Product Evaluation. The predecessor of today's increasingly important ecological balances was the Limits of Growth Report published by the Club of Rome in 1972. Ecological balances cover mass and energy flows and emissions from the raw materials via intermediates all the way to the end products, as well as waste disposal. This also includes the balance of ecological activity at all stages. The components of ecological balances are goal definition, material balance, action balance, balance evaluation, and optimisation analysis. The advantages of ecological balances are their fundamental acceptance by industry and environmental protection groups, clarity and essentially objective assessment, and the possibility of application to systems, comparison of equivalent products, systems, and services and comparison of null variants. Problems encountered with ecological balances arise, for example, because of frequently inaccessible data basis and because of the system definition.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651103

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMinimising Waste Gas Emissions from Batch‐Operated Production Plant in the Chemical Industry. In fulfilling legal obligations to limit waste gas emissions, the strategy of avoidance and reduction has to take precendence over waste gas cleaning. Fundamental disadvantages and limited possibilities of waste gas cleanning systems create a necessity to minimize waste gas emissions by substitution of process materials, or by better encapsulation of process systems. Reduction of process gas emissions is shown by the examples of gas feedback, avoidance of gas pressure cushions, and encapsulating of stirring systems as well as centrifuges. The problem of diffuse emissions from gaskets in separatable connections and from fitting casings is discussed. An example of chemical reaction in a strictly closed system is given. With regard to the reduction of exhaust volumes from open sources, bulk materials feed and sampling are discussed; centrifuges, pressure filters and continuous belt filters are shown as examples of closed systems in solid‐liquid‐separ

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651104

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSelection of Sorbents for Gas Phase Adsorption. For gas phase adsorption processes it is almost always necessary to select a suitable sorbent by experiment, i.e. a sorbent that is suitable for adsorption as well as for desorption. Therefore sorbents from the group of activated carbons, adsorbent resins and zeolites have been tested and compared with each other under adsorption and desorption conditions. The sorbents have also been checked for reliable function. Operational disturbances are often caused by components such as water vapor or (irreversibly adsorbing) high boiling components. In any case it is useful to select adsorbents which are not susceptible to interference by these components. The co‐adsorption of water vapor, undesirable in practice, normally leads to a reduced adsorbent capacity. It is also shown that a single high boiling component, present in traces in the gas, loads the adsorbent to the same extent as the pure main component, so that there is hardly any capacity left for the main component. The range of investigation was insufficient to draw up general rules for the different groups of sorbents referring to the points considere

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651105

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConversion of Alkali Chloride Electrolysis Plant to Membrane Cells in the Face of the On‐going CFC/CHC Discussion. The environmental discussion on chlorine‐containing chemical products such as chlorinated hydrocarbons, chlorofluorocarbons and PVC is resulting in lower demand or even abandonment of production in certain areas. This in turn is leading to reduced production or even to the shutdown of alkali chloride electrolysis plants. In view of this general situation and the high capital expenditure required for switching from mercury cells to membrane cells, the change is not economically feasible despite the considerable savings in energy consumption it would br

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651106

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651107

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651108

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651109

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651110

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330651111

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY