ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600802

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRecent developments in pressure and vacuum filtration.The fundamental particle‐technological processes of cakeforming filtration are described together with the present theories of machine design. This involves a discussion of the limitation of the use of theoretical models with regard to technical problems and illustrates the possibilities of their practical engineering application. A systematic analysis of the different types of filter equipment available is followed by a description of the development tendencies in this engineering sector, from which not only a profusion of machine improvements and enhanced process automation follows, but completely new filter apparatus and separation techniques evolve. A widespread transitition from vacuum to pressure filtration has become apparent in the past few years. This particular tendency is also expounded with the aid of selected example

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600803

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBioreactors – State of the art and recognizable future developments.Industrial biotechnological processes, which require monoseptic conditions, are currently performed largely batchwise in stirred tank reactors. A broad‐based exploitation of the potential of biotechnology, i.e. both in the production of commodity biologicals/chemicals and in the manufacture of products of the „new”︁ biotechnology, requires, for economic and technological reasons, continuous processes and other reactor configurations, which permit increased biomass concentrations by cell retention or immobilization, and integration of work‐up

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600804

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDevelopment of solvent‐selective membranes and their use in gas separation and pervaporation.Pervaporation and gas separation are two membrane processes whose industrial and economic importance has increased considerably in recent years because they are particularly suitable for selective removal of organic solvents from aqueous and gaseous mixtures. The problem of solvent removal is encountered, inter alia, in the purification of certain industrial gaseous and liquid effluents. However, the removal of solvents is also significant in petrochemistry and biotechnology and both pervaporation and gas separation can again be efficiently used here. On the basis of the equations relating to mass transfer in homogeneous polymers, criteria for the choice of polymers for high‐selectivity membrane production are discussed. The development of suitable membranes and membrane modules is described. Two industrially and economically relevant examples, viz. recovery of organic solvents from gaseous effluent and the continuous removal of ethanol from bioreactors, illustrate the scope and limitations of the procedu

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600805

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600806

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpecial corrosion protection measures in fabrication of chemical equipment.An essential pre‐condition for uninterrupted and safe operation of equipment is a proper selection of materials with regard to service conditions, design, and fabrication. In case of difficulties with the application of unprotected metallic materials suitable additional measures must be applied to ensure proper performance of the equipment. Basically, there are four types of measures. The material can be improved by modification of the composition or fabrication (e. g. powder metallurgical, remelt techniques, accurate welding); the material can be protected by the application of a duplex‐system (lining, cladding, plating); the electrochemical performance of the metal can be influenced by superimposed currents (cathodic/ anodic protection); and last but not least a change in service conditions can meet the requirements for materials performance. To ensure satisfactory performance of protective measures, supervision of application, installation, and in‐service behaviour is a

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600807

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSimulation in process control.Distributed control systems provide their users with many potential benefits which are exhaustively used only in a small number of applications. Distributed control systems supply process data in real time in a digital format. When processing these data together with process models, the advantages of distributed control systems can be considerably extended. Process models are understood as mathematical systems containing a‐priori knowledge about processes in a numerical or logical form. In the context of distributed control systems, some new and exciting applications of modelling and simulation techniques become accessible. Basic concepts of these specific techniques are described in this contribution. A collection of potential and realized applications show that these methods allow for a more detailed observation and for advanced process control strategie

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600808

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600809

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600810

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600811

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY