ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600202

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWelded joints in the construction of chemical equipment and their corrosion behaviour in operation.This contribution surveys the possible kinds of corrosion damage to fully austenitic welded stainless steels in the presence of heat cracks. Such cracks can be avoided by the presence of ß‐ferrite. However, under certain conditions of attack ß‐ferrite can cause selective corrosion. That is especially so on decomposition of ß‐ferrite. Intercrystalline susceptibility in the zone of thermal influence can be avoided by use of stabilized or low‐carbon steels. The tendency to undergo granular disintegration increases with increasing nickel content. The resistance to pitting of stainless steels is reduced at places bearing tempering colour layers. Such layers should therefore be avoided in welding or they should be removed if they persist in

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600203

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUse of fossil fuels for generation of energy and heat.The 1985 primary energy demand of the Federal Republic of Germany of 385 million tons of coal equivalent was met to the extent of about 90% by fossil fuels; one third of the primary energy consumption ist lost on conversion of primary into secondary energy. Since the market for energy and heat together accounts for about 70% of end user energy, this is where the greatest potential lies for saving non‐renewable resources. High‐temperature processes for energy generation have considerable development potential due to using combined gas‐steam turbine processes and to raising the upper cycle temperature. In the case of coal fired power stations this requires the inclusion of coal gasification plant. For low temperature processes, utilization of waste heat from power plant and industrial processes not only leads to conservation of fossil fuel reserves but also protects the environment from the illeffects of waste heat. The state of the art and future prospects are pres

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600204

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHeat transfer media: the economical choice.The products currently marketed as technical heat transfer media can be classified according to their physical and chemical properties or to the temperature range of their applications. Below 300°C, mineral oils dominate the scene; beyond that range, increasing attention is paid to synthetic media, as novel products with even better performance at high temperatures are being developed. This paper deals with selecting heat transfer media with respect to their characteristics, working life, and the technical conditions under which they are put to use. Additionally, they are evaluated from an economical point of view. Computer‐aided simulation of any kind of heat transfer system in liquid phase is shown to permit calculation of operating expenses for any kind of heat transfer medium. The variety of physical characteristics of these media may result in remarkable differences concerning transfer costs. However, the initial costs and working life turn out to have the greatest influence. Therefore detailed analysis remains indispensable to establish which medium will be best suited to the purpo

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600205

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAbsorption heat transformers for the chemical industry as seen from a user's point of view.Absorption heat transformers can transfer waste heat, that could not hitherto be reused, to a higher temperature level. This is of special interest for the chemical industry, where there is both waste heat available at temperatures below 100°C and a demand for heat at 120 to 150°C. Though absorption heat transformers are able to recycle only a part of the total waste heat, they only need a negligible amount of additional, expensive exergy. The present status of development and advantages and disadvantages of the concept are discussed from a user's point of view. In view of the present low price of energy, special attention is given to economic consideration

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600206

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSurface and thin film technology in industry.Modern surface and thin film technology enables us to consider the bulk and surface properties of a material independently of each other. The advantages for industrial production are therefore the potential savings in materials and processing. This paper discusses selection of processes which have already become established in the automotive industry. A major topic in research and development of thin film technology is the change from open loop processes to closed loop processes. For that reason it is necessary to work on improvements to the analytical tools, on the one hand, and on the theoretical modelling of thin film structures on the other.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600207

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600208

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600209

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600210

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330600211

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY