摘要:

AbstractApplications of solid state electrolytes – a survey. Ionic conduction in solids has numerous potential applications in the fields of instrumentation, energy storage, energy conversion, and production of chemicals. The present state of development of the various processes and devices ranges from industrial maturity via application tests and R&D work to projects in the concept stage. The state of the art is briefly reviewe

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500402

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAdsorption of ions on electrodes in aqueous and nonaqueous electrolytes. This article considers the practical implications of adsorption of electrolyte ions on electrodes and methods for quantitative determination of electrosorption of ions. Adsorbed ions influence the potential drop in the inner Helmholtz layer and thereby modify the rate of charge transfer for redox processes occurring at electrodes, and the chemical reactions ensuing upon charge transfer can be effectively directed by adsorbed ions. Corrosion and its inhibition as well as deposition of metal in electroplating can be influenced by surface‐active ionic additives which are adsorbed. Measurement of differential capacity provides information about the electrosorption of ions and neutral compounds. A knowledge of the zero point of the electrode metal permits clear predictions concerning ion adsorption. Anions are preferentially adsorbed at potentials on the anodic side of the zero point, and cations at potentials that are more negative than the zero point. Surface‐active neutral compounds and lyophobic ions are most strongly adsorbed in a narrow potential range around the zero point. Adsorption of weakly solvated ions on hydrophobic metals (e. g. Au, Hg) is more pronounced than the adsorption of strongly solvated ions on hydrophilic metals (e. g. Ga, Cd,

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500403

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500404

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSalt melts as solvents. The article starts with a brief review of the structure of simple salt melts as determined by X‐ray and neutron diffraction. The solubility of gases in salt melts is then dealt with. The results are discussed within the framework of a hole theory for melts. The main theme of the article concerns solutions of metals in salt melts, particularly solutions of first main group and first sub‐group metals in their molten halides. It is found that the alkali metals are very highly soluble in melts of their halides, whereas copper and silver are only sparingly soluble. A detailed account is given of the state of the alkali metals dissolved in their halides: the metal dissociates into a cation and an electron, whereupon the electron is „solvated”︁ and exhibits properties resembling those of an F centre in a crystal. Silver and copper halides have no vacancies at anionic sites, so that no F centres can be formed. From thermodynamic investigations on the metal solutions it can be concluded that here also solvated species are present, with the solvation sheath containing both cations a

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500405

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSolid ionic conductors – a review. The conductivity of solid electrolytes, like that of liquid electrolytes, is determined by the concentration and mobility of the mobile ions. There are solid electrolytes in which all particles of one particular type are mobile and the mobility of these ions is as great as that in molten salts or liquid electrolyte solutions. A partial lattice of the otherwise solid crystal is then in a quasimolten state. The conductivity itself now has values as in salt melts or concentrated liquid electrolyte solutions. The solid electrolyte has then reached the maximum value for the ionic partial conductivity. Important solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivities are discusse

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500406

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntroduction to transport phenomena in concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions and molten salt mixtures. Up to this day there is no general theory of liquids. Since water‐free molten salt mixtures are simpler in their structure than concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions, it would be reasonable first to develop a theory for molten salts and then to apply this to aqueous electrolyte solutions by approximation. Such a theory does not yet exist. In this paper the system water + salt is therefore considered in the concentration range between pure water and pure salt in the liquid state. The phenomenological coefficients and friction coefficients of the different species of the system calculated from transport data are characteristic parameters for the entire concentration range which will probably offer possibilities for the analysis of transport phenomena, in close relation with the structure of the water + salt mixture. Common and essentially different properties, such as reference system and condition of electric neutrality, are discussed for concentrated aqueous electrolyte solutions and molten salt mixtures. The investigation of transport numbers from concentration cells with transference and the determination of the interdiffusion coefficients are illustrated for the system H2O + CaCl2(highly concentrated electrolyte solution) and LiNO3+ AgNO3(molten salt mixture). The phenomenological coefficients and the friction coefficients are calculated from the measured transport dat

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500407

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500408

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500409

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500410

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330500411

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1978

数据来源: WILEY