ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660702

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTrends in the Environmental Legislation of the European Community and their Consequences for the German Chemical Industry. Environmental legislation from the EC has changed considerably in recent years. The directives of the early eighties contained mainly general guidelines and generous limit values. Due to the need for unanimous voting for the decisions stricter thresholds were not achievable. They had relatively small impact on Germany because that country's internal legislation was more stringent. There is now a new trend which gives cause for concern. Many elements of the latest directives do not match the German legal system and lead to stringent conditions. This is due to the fact that they have to be implemented in addition to existing legislation: Much written information and evidence of performance are required, relating to e.g. the installations and the management of the company. As a consequence there will be further complications in the approval procedure for chemical plant.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660703

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIndustrial Oxo Synthesis with Immobilised Catalyst. The use of water‐soluble catalysts represents a significant advance in homogeneous catalysis; “immobilisation” of the catalyst in a second immiscible liquid phase has the effect of “heterogenisation” and allows the advantages of heterogeneous processing (long lifetimes, straightforward technology) to the combined with those of the homogeneous mode (gentle reaction conditions, high activity and selectivity). In particular, the decisive advantage of homogeneous catalysts, viz. the wide range of variation of their steric and electronic properties which can be adapted to the specific reaction at hand, can be exploited for tailoring highly effective catalysts. Moreover, the mode of action of these homogeneous catalysts remains understandable as a model and under the reaction conditions chosen – in complete contrast to the case of many heterogeneous catalytic systems. The first successful industrial application of water‐soluble catalysts was in the oxo process of Ruhrchemie/Rhǒne Poulenc. The following article reports on ten years' experience with this process and the HRh(CO)[P(msulphophenyl

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660704

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660705

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDevelopment of Industrial Catalysts. This paper considers the industrial development of catalysts as an important component of chemical processes. Starting from the desired properties, a detailed description is presented of the heterogeneous catalysts which account for some 80% of all the catalyst systems in industrial use. In addition to an treatment of catalyst structure, particular emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary aspects of catalyst development. The factors influencing catalyst performance and the range of methods used for their characterisation are also discussed. The approach adopted in catalyst development is then presented and four topical examples are given to illustrate the influence of structural parameters on catalyst performance. The article concludes with a description of the industrial production of catalysts and a look at the future of catalyst development.

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660706

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660707

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConcept of High‐Quality Seals in Disconnectable Pipeline Connections. The “Technical Instruction Air” of the Federal Republic of Germany stipulates the use of highquality gaskets in flange connections employed in handling of certain hazardous materials, but it gives no detailed informations concerning the high‐quality criterion. This article gives reasons why the highquality criterion should be extended on all elements of disconnectable pipeline connections of various types which are to be evaluated as systems. It further discusses the basic aspect of quality management as well as the terms „secluded emission”︁ and “diffuse emission”, which should be avoided or minimized respectively. The following criteria of high‐quality pipeline connections are discussed: Design reserves, corrosion resistance, position fixing, safety against fracture without deformation, tightnessperiod

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660708

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660709

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660710

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0009-286X    

DOI:10.1002/cite.330660711

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY