摘要:

Abstract.The recognition that economic activity is contributing to climatic change, with attendant costs that may be of large magnitudes, has set in motion a substantial research effort. This paper seeks to review the contribution of economics to analysis of the greenhouse effect and to the policies and instruments suggested as means of mitgiating its damage.A brief overview of the causes and consequences of global warming is given, and a number of energy‐economy forecasting models are examined. As the costs of global warming depend upon the extent to which preventative and adaptive measures are undertaken, the techniques available to evaluate these costs are surveyed.We examine extant targets for greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and explore the frameworks within which optimal policy targets can be designed. The paper also considers the narrower question of (minimized) abatement costs, and surveys the types of models used to estimate them.The merits of alternative policy instruments are examined, paying particular attention to the role that risk and uncertainty, and the costs of monitoring and implementation of policy under conditions of imperfect information, may play in the choice of instruments. Problems of international co‐operation in the development of abatement policy are examined, and we consider the compensations (across both nations and generations) that are likely to be necessary conditions for effective act

ISSN:0950-0804    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6419.1994.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The paper examines the relevance for economic issues of choice which is not characterized by unlimited substitutability. After showing that hierarchical choice is common in other social sciences like psychology, the paper proceeds with an examination of such choice and of its different categories. Subsequently the implications for hierarchical choice for specific economic issues are analysed. In particular, there is discussion and literature review of demand theory, Engel curves, the theory of the firm and social choice theory. Finally, some suggestions for the application to other economic problems are considered.

ISSN:0950-0804    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6419.1994.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The criterion of envy‐freeness, according to which no agent should prefer any of his neighbours’allocation to his own, has become a central part of the economic theory of distributive justice. It essentially corresponds to the need to express an ideal of equality in societies where preferences and endowments are heterogeneous. This paper surveys various formulations of the idea of envy‐freeness, starting with the simple distribution model, then adding the possibility for agents to have different native talent endowments, and finally moving to models with production. Many classical results are displayed, but emphasis is also put on recent developments, mainly the ideas of ‘minimizing envy’and of ‘absence of domination’. Five major difficulties facing envyfreeness are identified and listed as directions of fu

ISSN:0950-0804    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6419.1994.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0950-0804    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6419.1994.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0950-0804    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6419.1994.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY