摘要:

AbstractSolutions of thionine give in presence either of thiosine‐amine or diethyl‐thiosine‐amine pronounced photogalvanic effects, the numerical values of which amount to over 400 mV. Under the influence of light, the redox‐potential of the system becomes more negative. These effects are closely related to the photochemical bleaching of thionine. In regard to the rate of increase, as well as to the influence of light, the photogalvanic effect may be interpreted by means of the general kinetic equation of photochemical kinetics.The photogalvanic effects of thionine are strongly inhibited by various inorganic salts and polyphenols. Reducing agents stabilise these systems in such a way that the initial redox‐potential of the electrode becomes negative, while for oxidizing agents the stabilization potential takes much more positive values. Apart from inhibition, the addition of foreign substances brings about electrolytic as well as other effects which increase numerical values of photogalvanic effects.Other thiazinic and azinic dyes show also photogalvanic effects. It is probable that there is a close connection between their normal redox‐potentials and the magnitude of photogalv

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700602

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe synthesis is described of radioactive ethyl formate, labeled with C14in the formate group. The pyrolysis of this compound yields radioactive carbon dioxide and inactive ethylene. This indicates that the decomposition is brought about by a simple splitting of the molecule.

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700603

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe solvation of iodine in dioxan‐carbon tetrachloride solutions was studied by determining a large number of absorption spectra at different compositions and different temperatures. The concentration of the iodine‐dioxan complex was derived from the extinction at 4515 Å (at 17° C), the wavelength of maximal absorption of iodine in pure dioxan, as compared with the extinction of iodine in pure dioxan and in pure carbon tetrachloride, respectively. Application of the mass law resulted in equilibrium constants essentially independent of concentration. However, this was only the case when based on the assumption of a ratio of 1:1 for the composition of the complex. From the dependance on temperature the heat of formation of the complex was found to be 2700 ca

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700604

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe addition of ozone to quinoline, 2‐ and 8‐methylquinoline, 2,3‐, 3,4‐ and 6,7‐dimethylquinoline and isoquinoline has been studied quantitatively.With the quinoline homologues the main initial reaction is an attack of the benzene ring, probably with the formation of a monozonide, which was rapidly converted into a 5,6‐, 7,8‐diozonide; the diozonide then reacts slowly to form a 3,4‐, 5,6‐, 7,8‐, 9,10‐tetraozonide. As a side reaction the pyridine nucleus is attacked initially; however this side reaction leads to the same tetraozonide.Isoquinoline adds on one molecule of ozone in the pyridine nucleus to the extent of about 60 % and two molecules of ozone in the benzene ring to an extent of 40 %.In none of the compounds examined was there any indication of the addition of ozone to a C=N bond.These conclusions, based on a determination of the quantities of ozone taken up, the amount of quinoline reacted and the amount of ammonia formed when the reaction product is hydrolised, are in agreement with the qualitative results of the ozonolysis of quinoline base

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700605

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700606

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is developed for the study of non‐Newtonian behaviour of dilute polymer solutions with a view to extrapolating the results obtained to infinite dilution. This method will be applied in the second part.The use of the capillary viscometer for this kind of work is discussed. As a check on the equation used some measurements with water, benzene and acetone are reporte

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700607

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe reactions of polychlorinated ethanes and propanes, with aniline and piperidine, have been studied and the results are compared with data obtained previously for monohalides.Vicinal polychlorides are stable towards aniline at 100° C, but reactive with piperidine at 100° C. Certain polychlorides with>CCl2or ‐CCl3., groups are distinguished from the former by their ease of reaction with piperidine at room temperature.Mixtures of monochlorides and polychlorides can be subjected to kinetic analysis by a combination of these tests. It is possible to recognise different groups, but a quantitative kinetic separation of the fractions can not always be achieved.Application of this method to chlorinated paraffins with 42 % Cl and 70 % Cl reveals that the distribution of chlorine in these molecules is not at random. The reactivity of these chlorinated paraffins indicates the occurrence of>CCl2gro

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700608

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractChlorination products derived from natural rubber and some synthetic polymers have been subjected to kinetic analysis with aniline at 100° C and piperidine at 20° C. The influence of the chlorinating agent on the structure of the reaction products has been elucidated.It is shown that allylic chloride groups, the rubber dichlorideand rubber polychlorides can be identified and separated kinetically.By a combination of kinetic and infrared analysis the structurecan be proved as the primary reaction product of direct chlorinatio

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700609

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of tannin in separating zirconium from other elements has been investigated. With the exception of tin and titanium almost all elements commonly associated with zirconium may be separated in a single or a double precipitation in 0.1Nto 0.15N‐hydrochloric acid solution. It is shown further that tannin gives a definite turbidity with as little as 0.002 mg of ZrO2per ml and quantities of 0.6 mg and over may be conveniently estimated with the reagen

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700610

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractL'éthanedithiol réagissant à l'état de mercaptide sur les tétrachlorides de silicium, de germanium et d'étain donne naissance à des thioéthers spirocycliques, qui fondent à des températures assez élevées. Les produits dont le germanium et l'étain constituent l'atome central cristallisent dans le système o

ISSN:0165-0513    

DOI:10.1002/recl.19510700611

出版商:WILEY‐VCH Verlag    

年代:1951

数据来源: WILEY