ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550862

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550863

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An ozone system is to be used in a quarantine unit in which the bivalveArgopectin irradians irradians(Bay scallops) will be held at the Biological Research Station, Ellerslie, Prince Edward Island, Canada.A. irradiansis not indigenous to Canada and, as such, all effluent must be disinfected to guard against the danger of an exotic algae and/or disease, possibly associated with the scallops, adversely affecting the native marine environment. A description of the system, techniques utilized, and test results obtained are presented along with suggested alterations to improve the system.

ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550864

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Steady State laboratory flow equipment is used to disinfect Coxsackievirus, E. coli, S.lutea and the plate count flora of natural water, by means of dissolved and gaseous ozone, alone and simultaneous with ultrasound (sonozone).Distilled, surface and waste water are used as media. By ozonation, a three stage inactivation kinetics is observed. Inactivation of 3 & 4 decades is obtained, at 10–95% lower ozone concentrations, and by 57–96% lower gaseous ozone dosage by the sonozonation process compared to ozonation alone. Ultrasound increases the gas–liquid ozone transfer, and decomposes the dissolved ozone. It also disaggregates the viable microbial units.

ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550865

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The cytotoxicity test, using BGM cells and a colorimetric protein assay (Lowry, 1951) was a more sensitive modification of those described by Christian (1973) and Elias, et al. (1978). The cytotoxicity varied during ozonation, reaching a maximum after 50%90% degradation of the initial compound; aniline solution, 6.5x103M, showed a maximum cytotoxicity at 90% degradation after 60 min of ozonation, which decreased to 0% after 180 min 03. Ozonated nitro– and chloro–cresol solutions showed similar patterns. The variations in cytotoxicity seem to be related to the formation of intermediate oxidation products. The preliminary results suggest that this type of test, being both simple and fast, would be useful in toxicological screening of wastewater.

ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550866

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Results obtained during the ozonation of aqueous solutions of aromatic compounds have shown that the reaction occurs in two steps : a relatively rapid first phase leading to the opening of the aromatic ring and a second one in which the sub–products, resulting from the first phase, are stable towards further ozonation. They do not, therefore, consume ozone ; moreover they are rapidly biodegradable.

ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550867

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Aqueous solutions of fulvic acid have been ozonated under simulated water treatment plant conditions and the oxidation products identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The predominant oxidation products include numerous alkyl phthalates, mono– and di–carboxylic aliphatic acids and a few cyclic keto–compounds. Ozonation of high–fuivic creek water gave many similar products. The significance of these compounds in finished drinking water is briefly discussed.

ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550868

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The oxidation of the following ami no compounds with ozone in aqueous solution (pH 7–2) was investigated: “4–chloroaniline, 2–aminophenol, 4–aminobenzoic acid, 4–amino–2–nitrophenol, 4–amino–5–hydroxynaphthalene–2,7–disulfonic acid, 4–aminobenzene sulfonic acid ( initial conentrations 1 mmole1). Total destruction of the compounds is achieved with 4 to 6 mmole ozone mmole amine. 20–40 % of the amine nitrogen is found as ammonia and a small part as nitrate (4%). In the initial stages of the ozonation the solutions turn colored. In the further course of the reactions the colored intermediates are oxidized and after 6 mmole ozone/mmole amine the solution are colorless. In all cases the colored intermediates are not or only to a small extend biodegradable but the final oxidation products are better biodegradable.

ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550869

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are produced when certain organic materials are treated with chlorine. The U.S. EPA recently has promulgated a Maximum Contaminant Level for THMs in finished drinking water of 0.10 mg/L. Although ozone will not oxidize THMs at any significant rate once they have been formed, its use has been studied at many North American water treatment plants for oxidation of THM precursors before chlorine is added. In most cases ozonation prior to chlorination lowers THM formation potential (THMFP), but there have been many reports of increased THM formation when ozonation is followed by chlorination. The known chemistry of THM formation and of ozone oxidation of organic materials to both destroy and to form THM precursors is discussed to explain these results. In addition, recommendations are made for the use of ozone at various points in the standard drinking water treatment process, by which THM levels in the finished water can be decreased. These methods include ozonation at any point prior to chlorination and/or prior to a biological treatment process, such as adsorption of organics by means of granular activated carbon or by passage through slow sand filters. Pretreatment of raw waters to remove as much organic material as possible before adding any chemical oxidant, particularly chlorine, remains the best initial approach to controlling THMs, as well as other undesired by-products of oxidation processes.

ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550870

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0191-9512    

DOI:10.1080/01919518008550871

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1980

数据来源: Taylor