摘要:

A multi‐sector mathematical programming model of Canadian agriculture (CRAM) is employed to determine the rate of return to yield‐increasing research on wheat conducted during 1962–91. The estimated internal rate of return to yield‐increasing research ranged between 27% and 31% for the low wheat price scenarios. It was higher at 34–39% for the high wheat price scenarios. Producers captured 80–90% of the benefits. The results support the magnitude of estimated economic benefits reported in previ

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents evidence concerning the existence and implications of heterogeneity effects for estimates of the marginal productivity of pesticides, The paper extends the work of Calpentier and Weaver (1996a), which considered fured effects that homothetically shift the conditional mean of output. This paper considers the implications of time‐varying marginal productivity, allowing for nonhomothetic shifts in production. The extent and structure of heterogeneity found in French crop agriculture is first presented to illustrate that persistent heterogeneity exists across these firms. Next, we review the implications of such heterogeneity for econometric estimates and show that estimates of marginal productivity of pesticides will be biased when based on models that do not explicitly account for these types of heterogeneity across firms and time. An alternative estimation approach is proposed, based on Chamberlain (1982 and 1984) and implemented to produce asymptotically unbiased estimates and to statistically validate the model specification. Existence of fixed firm effects is statistically confirmed and temporal variation of marginal productivity is found to be substantia

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A restricted cost function is estimated using annual data for western Canadian agriculture over the period 1961–84. Using the parameter estimates, disequilibrium cost elasticities are calculated. The elasticities for the sector indicate that the ex ante market prices of quasi‐fixed inputs were higher than their shadow values. That is, quasi‐fixed factors were underutilized during the sample period. Excess agricultural land contributed most to the cost of disequili

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigates the use of hedonic pricing to identify the value of relevant production and type traits for dairy bulls in Alberta. A hedonic pricing model is estimated that considers semen price as a function of individual production and longevily characteristics for a sample of Holstein bulls. The results suggest that the most important characteristics used by Alberta daity producers in valuing dairy bulls are milk volume, protein and fat content, general conformation, body capacity and the popularity of the bull. For a given set of such characteristics, the probability that the bull's semen may be in short supply does not significantly affect the value. This methodology may be used to establish a method of forecasting semen prices for newly proven bulls. The valuation procedure may be easily updated and adjusted as producers'breeding objectives change over time because of the changing economic environment. The results of this analysis suggest that hedonic pricing may be a better method of placing a value on production and type characteristics for dairy bulls than the Lifetime Profit Index currently being used by the Canadian dairy industry.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper examines relationships between U.S. and Canadian wheat prices using the cointegration and error correction approach. The use of the error correction model is appropriate because U.S. and Canadian wheat prices are first‐differenced stationary and cointegrated. The results suggest that both U.S. durum and hard spring wheat prices respond to restore equilibrium relationships with the corresponding Canadian price, while the Canadian prices do not. That is, the structure of the respective policies is such that the Canadian markets are largely insulated from influences flowing directly from the U.S., while U.S. markets are not insulated from Canadian influences. These results could be interpreted to support the contention that Canadian production subsidies and the implicit export subsidies would tend to undermine the U.S. price support program. The results also support the price leadership role for Canada in the durum and hard spring wheat markets. The implication is that with respect to durum and spring wheats, U.S. policies to artificially support domestic prices are not effective over the long run.Les rapports entre les prix de blé canadiens et américains sont étudiés á partir des analyses basées sur la cointégration et la méthode de correction des erreurs. L'emploi de la méthode de correction des erreurs est approprié car les prix de blé canadiens et américains sont cointegres et stationnaires quand Us sont exprimes en changements (first differences). Les résultats montrent que les prix du blé dur (durum) et du blé panifiable du printemps (hard spring) aux États‐ Unis reagissent à l'évolution des prix canadiens pour retablir le rapport d'équilibre tandis que ceux du Canada ne sont pas influencés par les désequilibres. Ce résultat est explique par les differences entre les structures des politiques agri‐coles quifont que les marches canadiens sont largement isoles des influences en provenance des États‐Unis, ce qui n'estpas le cas pour les marches américains. Ces résultats pourraient vouloir dire que des subventions canadiennes à la production et à l'exportation ont mine les programmes américains de sou‐tien des prix. Us sont également compatible avec l'idée que le

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A novel approach for integrating economic and environmental models is described in the context of evaluating soil degradation impacts of agricultural policy in western Canada. The key element of this approach is the development of metamodels, which are statistical summary functions of simulation data obtained from carefully designed experiments with physical process models. The metamodels are in turn used to predict the soil degradation impacts of farmers'land management responses to policy options. The metamodels provide flexibility to perform repeated policy scenarios without having to rerun the time‐and resource‐consuming physical process simulation models. The estimated wind and water erosion metamodels are very robust, with the majority possessing R‐square values in the range of 0·80 to 0·97. The efficiency of the metamodels in facilitating the integration of a policy modeling system is described and applied to a scenario of increased crop residue management. Using regional aggregates of net farm income, total economic, surplus (consumer plus producer surplus) and total soil loss the economic and environmental tradeoff between the status quo and a no‐till policy scenario is evaluated. The model‐predicted economic welfare and environmental quality interaction suggests a clear win‐win situation for society under this alternative po

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Secondary asset market data for combines and tractors are used to estimate and separate out historical economic depreciation, embodied technological change and time value change. Combines and tractors generally exhibit constant geometric economic depreciation on a year‐to‐year basis. Depreciation rates vary by manufacturer. Farm investors can use these manufacturer‐specific depreciation rates reported here to estimate terminal asset values. The study finds significant seasonal differences in machinery depreciation rates. A major source of error in forecasting terminal asset values comes from changes related to time. There is a predictable time component to the constant quality asset index that has not been investigated in previous studies. Unanticipated shocks to demand should be followed by price reversion to long‐run average manufacturing costs as industry capacity adjusts to demand. This reversion component is predicable. Investment risk over longer planning horizons may be lower when both depreciation coefficients and time component estimates are e

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1996.tb00154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY