摘要:

Recent efforts to expand the level of Saskatchewan's exports are expected to generate significant impacts in terms of provincial levels of household income, gross domestic product, and gross output. Besides these economic effects, increased export activity will likely impact the level of provincial resource use. A combined input‐output/resource demand model is formulated which allows for both economic and resource use impact analyses of agricultural and non‐agricultural export policies. The resources considered explicitly in the model include the level of employment, energy and water use. In this paper, the model is used to evaluate the impacts of increases in the level of provincial exports of: (i) live cattle and calves, (i i) wheat and other grains, (iii) meat and meat products, (iv) crude oil, and (v) potash.Summary and Implications of the ResultsFive export scenarios were analyzed in this study. These included increases in the level of exports of: live cattle, slaughtered meat and meat products, grains, including wheat and other grains, crude oil, and potash. Each of these exports has a unique impact in terms of both absolute and relative values of several economic and resource demand criteria. A summary of rankings of the various scenarios' impacts is presented in Table 8. These rankings are based on the value of the economic and resource multipliers generated by each export scenario.The above table indicates that there may exist trade‐offs, in terms of the promotion of one type of commodity export versus another. For example, in terms of employment impacts, scenario B (meat and meat products) generates the largest impacts per dollar of final demand. Alternatively, this scenario is least preferred in terms of the contribution to provincial GDP and imports while at the same time requiring large amounts of energy.The results presented in this paper can be applied for an analysis of regional economic development policies. That is, this type of analysis can be incorporated into a more general policy analysis of alternative regional development strategies. In this paper, only the benefits of expanded exports are estimated. The other side of the equation, of course, represents the costs of achieving these increased export levels. Examination of the excess capacity, investment needed to expand output and the opportunity cost of investment capital are important ingredients of the costs of achieving increased levels of export. However, in spite of these limitations, this study has shown that regional policy makers must be cognizant of the macro‐level economic as well as resource use impacts of continued development of export

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02045.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The structure of price transmission both vertically (between links in the market channel) and horizontally (between market areas) for beef and pork in Canada is examined. The analysis of vertical price transmission indicates that farmgate prices lead retail prices. The hypothesized relationship between retail and farmgate prices is that the farmgate demand curve is shifted by wholesaler anticipation of the retail price changes. Such a situation would place greater importance on the live markets since prices determined in these markets would eventually be reflected in the retail market. The results have further implications for the determination of price margins and related policy issues.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02046.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The west coast of the United States has been suggested as a large potential market for Alberta beef products. The paper presents a formal investigation of this market for primal beef cuts. Three aspects are covered; the compatability of Canadian and United States grading and cutting specifications, the profitability of such exports using historical data, and the availability of market information to Canadian producers. The results suggest that the Alberta industry could increase profits considerably by entering the United States market but that the process will require considerable flexibility and a commitment to improved market information.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02047.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper presents an economic analysis of the issue of United States‐Canadian groundfish trade. Using an econometric model the parameters of consumer demand for United States domestic and imported groundfish products are estimated. The model is then used to evaluate the potential impact of countervailing duties leveled against imported fish products. It is found that while such duties would likely increase consumer prices for fish in the United States the fisherman's prices would not increase proportionately. The net protective effect to the United States harvesting sector of such tariffs thus seems minima

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The author gratefully acknowledges the financial assistance provided by the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool. However, the ideas expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Saskatchewan Wheat Pool.SummaryOn the basis of the assumptions laid out in section 2.2, the current program is projected to pay out over the prospective five‐year simulation period an amount approximately equal to what it takes in. In determining the payouts, the introduction of the new trigger mechanism is expected to make a significant, but not overwhelming contribution. Over the prospective five‐year period, the current program is expected to be actuarially sound.The first proposed change to the current program is the adjustment of income and expenses for inflation. Such a change appears to generate much larger payouts than the current program, and to have a greater stabilization potential than the current program. However, such payouts could not be sustained by the fund as it presently operates, and it is expected that the fund would be rendered actuarially unsound. After five years, the probability of the fund being in a deficit is 93 percent. The point projection of this deficit is about $1 billion.The second proposed change is the reduction in the number of years for averaging, from five down to three. This change appears to generate a slightly larger total payout over the simulation period. In addition, it does not appear to impact significantly on the program's actuarial soundness. The one significant feature of this change is that it appears to diminish the program's stabilization potential.The third proposed change is the incorporation of debt interest as an expense in the determination of payouts. This change appears to generate a modestly higher total payout. Nonetheless, the fund is still expected to be actuarially sound at the end of the period, and the probability of a deficit is only 19 percent. The significant feature of this change is that the stabilization potential of the program would be enhan

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Growth rates are commonly used as summaries of trends in time series data. Productivity indexes, price indexes and output series are usually discussed in terms of the changing growth rates over various periods of time. Policy decisions are often based on such growth rate estimates. However, there are several techniques for measuring growth rates and depending on the nature and structure of the data, each may provide a different result. The problems of traditional measures of growth rates are discussed and some new measures and their merits are also presented. An empirical example shows the potential problems associated with some growth rate measures and presents some solutions.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Due to the successful development of Norwegian salmon farming, major salmon producing countries (such as Canada, the United States, Japan, Chile, Scotland, etc.) have actively attempted to duplicate this practice. This recent development has far reaching implications for the salmon industry. Therefore, a demand analysis of Atlantic salmon products is timely. While we applaud the work by Kabir and Ridler (hereafter, KR), we would like to comment on the specification of their econometric model and elaborate on the implications of KR's findings on fishery management.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In their comment on our paper, Bing‐Hwan Lin and Nancy Williams have raised some interesting issues, but some of them are peripheral to the objective of our original study. The central objective of our original paper is to estimate income and price elasticities of demand for Atlantic salmon in Canada and then to use the parameter values to evaluate the market potential of farmed Atlantic salmon which are now being produced in Atlantic Canada. Accordingly, a demand equation has been estimated using annual data for the period 1955–1981. The inverted form has given a good fit and the results are reported in the pa

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1985.tb02054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY