ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01949.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The analysis suggests that Canadian wheat exports in 1977/78 were reduced by an amount between 0.7 and 1.7 million metric tons because of a constraint due to transportation and handling problems. Estimates are made of the effect of this export constraint on domestic utilization, supply and the off‐Board price. Estimates are also made of the effects on these variables of three possible Canadian Wheat Board (CWB) strategies for handling the export constraint. The strategies involve the use of delivery quotas and the initial payment as instruments of the CWB.L'analyse suggère que les exportations canadienes de blé ont été réduites en 1977/78 d'un montant compris entre 0.7 et 1.7 millions de tonnes. Ces réductions sont dûes a l'effet d'une contrainte posée par des problèmes de transport et de maniement. L'impact de cette contrainte sur les exportations a étéégalement estimé sur la demande domestique, sur I'offre et sur le prix hors‐Commission. Les effets sur ces mêmes variables ont été aussi quantifies en utilisant trois strategies possibles de la Commission Canadienne du Blé (CCB). Ces stratégies invoquent l'utilisation par la CCB de différents niveaux de quotas de livraison

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01950.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article describes the complex of the food economy in Poland, its internal structure, importance and place in the national economy, production effects and links with other branches of the national economy. Special attention is given to the organizational pattern of the agricultural sector and to agricultural policy making and implementation. The main conclusion of the article is that, for harmonious development of production and use of food, there is need for uniform economic policy and integrated economic planning which cover all sectors of the food complex. Such a role cannot be played by agricultural policy alone. The author describes the integrated program of food economy development for the years 1975–1990 in Poland and gives some theoretical bases for policy in the food economy.Cet article contient la description du complexe de l'économie agro‐alimentaire en Pologne, de sa structure interne, sa signification et sa place dans l'économie nationale, des effets productifs et des relations avec d'autres branches de l'économie nationale. Cet article met surtout l'accent sur le système d'organisation et sur la formation et la réalisation de la politique agricole. La conclusion principale de cet article est de constater que pour le developpement harmonieux de la production et ie l'utilisation des aliments il est nécéssaire d'avoir une politique économique uniforme et une planification économique integrée dans tous les secteurs du complex agro‐alimentaire. L'auteur caractérise le programme integré du developpement de l'économie agro‐alimentaire en Pologne dans les années 1975–1990 et donne certaines bases theoriques afin d'établir une politique pour l'

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01951.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Econometric models of the provincial rapeseed acreage are developed for Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, acknowledging that acreage responses differ among the three producing provinces. The OLS and the seemingly unrelated regression methods are used for estimation. The effects of explanatory variables are substantially different in their magnitudes among the provinces, and yet the three models as a whole are consistent with an aggregate model for the prairie region. Price elasticities of the rapeseed acreage obtained from the models show that the acreage is quite elastic with respect to both its own price and wheat price. Finally, the models are employed in estimating the effects on the rapeseed acreage of the railway branchline abandonment recommended by the Hall Commission. This shows that individual provinces would have somewhat different impacts from the Recommendation.Le rapport expose des modèles économétriques de la production de colza en Alberta, en Saskatchewan et au Manitoba, tout en tenant compte que les variations dans la superficie cultivée diffèrent dans les trois provinces productrices. Pour leur estimation, les auteurs ont eu recours à la méthode des moindres carrés et à la méthode d'estimation simultanée. L'importance des effets des variables explicatives diffère sensiblement d'une province à l'autre; néanmoins, dans leur ensemble, les trois modèles cadrent avec un modèle global pour les Prairies. D'après les coefficients d'élasticité‐prix obtenus à partir des modèles, la superficie cultivée de colza est à la fois élastique au prix du colza et à celui du blé. Les modèles servent enfin à estimer l'incidence sur la superficie cultivée de colza, de l'abandon d'embranchements ferroviaires recommandé par la Commission Hall. II en ressort pour chacune des provinces des implications quelque peu diffèrentes de celles de la reco

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Models of spatial and temporal price and allocation have enjoyed widespread acceptance in agricultural economics and continue to be employed, refined and extended in the literature. In this journal, for instance, contributions have been made by Yaron et al. [16], Ghosh [2], Baumes and McCarl [1] and Jenson and Piedrahita [4]. It is the purpose of this note to draw attention to a versatile and computationally efficient nonlinear programming system called MINOS, as yet little known outside the operations research community, for the solution of nonlinear price and allocation models — including the widely applied special class of quadratic programming models. This software system has several features which very strongly commend its use to the practitioner and have already led to its adoption for solving nonlinear models by Manne [7] and Rowse [10], among others. A skeletal outline of several of the principal advantages of the MINOS system follows and an example of its use in solving a small nonlinear model is provide

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the quadratic production functions used by D. Gale Johnson [4] in his investigation of sharecropping and by H. Scott Gordon [3]in his classic analysis of a common property resource. Both Johnson and Gordon use linear average and marginal production functions in the geometric exposition of their respective theories, but neither author has explored the unusual properties of the quadratic production function which yields a linear marginal product and average product for one factor.The first part of this paper will investigate the quadratic production function used by Johnson in his sharecropping study, and the second part of this paper will explore the similar quadratic production function employed by Gordon in a subsequent paper on the economic theory of fisheries.In his seminal study of sharecropping, Johnson finds that when one maximizes with respect to labor, the tenant will rent additional land until the marginal physical product of land is zero. He demonstrates this remarkable result in two ways. First he does so with calculus by using a neoclassical production function, and second he does so with geometry in Figure 1 of this classic paper. [4].Although the calculus is correct, his geometric example raises interesting questions. He says linear functions are shown in Figure 1 of this paper for simplicity, but the example can be generalized for any type of average product function. However, he does not explain what type of production function can generate linear marginal and average product functions, and it is the intention of this paper to do so. In particular, one can ask whether such a production function is neoclassical, or one can ask what is the nature of the marginal and average product functions for the second factor of production? Also, one can ask whether such a production function is linear homogeneous?The properties of a neoclassical production function can be found in Burmeister and Dobell [1]. They list six properties of a neoclassical production function, Y = F(K,L):

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Consumer information affirms that distributor brands of food are less expensive than corresponding manufacturer brands1and that these brands are equal in quality [2, p. 8]. The price difference between these two types of brands thus represents a real gain to the consumer purchasing distributor brands rather than just a case of paying less for lower quality products. Furthermore, one source has estimated that ten per cent of the grocery bill can be saved through purchasing distributor brands [6].The credibility of this information is open to question however, as few statements concerning the price and quality of these types of brands have been carefully documented in Canada. In the light of the limited empirical support and the substantial consumer benefit involved, the purpose of this study is to test the reported relation between the price and quality of distributor and manufacturer brands.Establishing a working definition for quality is a key problem encountered in price‐quality analysis. Food quality is multidimensional and its various dimensions may be classified into two broad categories: subjective or sensory attributes such as taste, aroma, appearance; and objective attributes located below the threshold of perception such as nutrients and freedom from harmful micro‐organisms. Because the sensory attributes are more amenable to measurement by non‐food scientists and to variation in hidden attributes being controlled by law, this paper focuses on sensory quality.The quality and preference concepts overlap to some extent, as the subjective attributes of food are common to both quality and preference. To ensure that “sensory quality” is well distinguished from overall quality, “sensory quality” is referred to as “sensory preference”.Having gone some distance towards establishing an operational definition of quality, the principal objectives are:SummaryThe findings, though tentative and focused on the sensory component of quality, can scarcely be regarded as providing empirical support for the price‐quality information referred to earlier. Distributor brands were notably less expensive for three‐quarters of the products surveyed. As well, the manufacturer brand was rated significantly higher than at least one distributor brand for four of the ten products subject to sensory evaluation. The results therefore suggest that there is a very general tendency for distributor brands to be priced lower than manufacturer brands and to be

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1980.tb01958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1980

数据来源: WILEY