摘要:

Since the great economic Depression, Canadian farm operators have always emphasized the need to strengthen their bargaining position in the market place. Basically, farm operators believe that the individual farmer is in no position to bargain effectively in a product market with a few large firms.Legislators have responded to the wishes of farm operators by enacting legislation which provides for the formation of compulsory marketing boards controlled by producers. An ever‐increasing number of these boards are now in operation. The granting of exclusive powers to sell particular farm products, however, is one which involves the public interest and the public is, therefore, vitally interested.This paper focuses attention on the exercise of the powers vested in these marketing boards through their use of quotas, and their limitations to entry of new producers into particular sectors of the agricultural industry. The paper indicates that there are some positive features to the quota policies pursued by marketing boards. Some economic security has been afforded farm operators with short‐term stability engendered in particular sectors of agriculture. There are certain negative consequences of these quota policies, which affect the location of production and also impair the competitive strength of particular sectors of agriculture to which they are applied. They have also interfered with the most rational utilization of resources in associated industries. These aspects of the quota policies are, therefore, inconsistent with the public interest. The study outlines principles that should form the basis of a revitalized marketing policy that may be more consistent with the public inter

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02424.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

There exists a wide and continuing informational gap between the Food Retailing Industry and the academic community. The amount of information in regard to market conduct in this area is isolated and fragmented. Current measurements of concentration and market power include no subjective values or operational conduct variables. The value judgments and conduct of the participants in the market place are not considered.This article presents a theoretical discussion in developing a measurement which could help in rectifying the above shortcomings. The development of a competitive rating index would pressure agricultural economists to rely less readily on traditional measures of market power in drawing conclusions and to examine with greater care the conventional relationship which is alleged to exist between market structure conduct and performance.SummaryThe inclusion of the above indices into one competitive rating index gives us a tool which would allow economists to study the relative position of each firm hi a national, regional or local environment. The type of competition can be classified. The stages that various markets pass through as markets develop in their use of price and non‐price competition can be reviewed. Weighted indices could also be evaluated, i.e., if an index of advertising and promotion were included, it would be possible to weight this index by market share to gauge the possible impact on competitive intensity.The use of the many sub‐indices would facilitate decisions by management and management consultants, in regard to rectifying weaknesses which exist in the competitive tactics of the individual firm. It would thus increase the ability of the firm to initiate countermoves and thus introduce a stronger competitive tone into the market place [5, pp. 471–476].A careful and continuing analysis of the sub‐indices by policy makers would enable them to initiate control procedures without the “hue and cry” of a Royal

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02425.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An important problem confronting agriculture is institutional adaptation to the needs and changes of yesterday, today and tomorrow. This paper looks at some challenges facing a familiar institution to agriculture — the cooperative. While other problem areas often considered distant to agriculture are focused on, it is apparent that there is much interdependence between rural and urban problems and institutional change in helping bring about solutions. With present urban problems and their likelihood of persisting for some time, the encouragement of farm people to become city dwellers may need to be more seriously appraised. Similarly there is a need for better understanding of the role of institutions, their jobs, and the socio‐economic impact of alternate means in achieving them before real progress can be broadly achie

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02426.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Government agriculture price support programs lead to inefficient allocation of resources, as well as highly inequitable rent returns to certain farm owners. At the same time, it is clear that society is not willing to leave the farmer to the vagaries of the market. This paper offers a suggestion for a Government support program that would not discriminate among farmers, and even more important, not discriminate among products, and at the same time minimize the disutility caused by the uncertainties of agricultural production.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02427.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Changes in the structure of Agriculture and more particularly in food and natural fiber production during the last two decades have served to focus attention on the neglected area of farm financial management. Technical farm production decisions are becoming less difficult relative to financial decisions. Financial management is not only becoming more important but is vitally connected with problems of what is going to happen to family firms; what form of business organization should they use to acquire capital, how should they obtain capital, and how should management be obtained and organized. Financial institutions are also facing some serious questions for which answers are scarce, not only because of lack of available information, but also because of conceptual voids. This paper discusses these problems particularly as they relate to relevant areas for research inquiry.SummaryIt is unlikely that the changes giving rise to the need for more attention to the agricultural finance areas will slow down in the foreseeable future. Financial parameters will be the major determinants of the entrepreneurial independence of family size and large food and natural fiber producers. The financial problems already confronting farming are numerous and complex, and the task ahead for the agricultural economists is great since time cannot be neutral in its effect if progress is to be achieved.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02428.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper is concerned with dynamic programming as a tool for studying the process of farm firm growth. Studies of growth are restricted by characteristics of the analytical tools used. Dynamic programming provides a method for including added realism in conceptual and analytical growth models. This paper illustrates the formulation of a firm growth problem in a dynamic programming framework and discusses advantages and disadvantages of such models. The type of results obtained from dynamic programming is contrasted with that normally obtained from dynamic linear programming formulations.

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02429.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Currently many attempts are being made to improve the level of firm decision‐making through the use of computers. Such an approach requires the ability to represent the firm's activities in the form of a mathematical model.In this study, the linear programming model was used to represent the operations of a Feed manufacturer. The usefulness of the model to assist managerial decision‐making in the areas of product mix and promotion, pricing, feed formulation and resource utilization is explo

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02430.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Increased emphasis has centered on methods to measure and predict managerial performance of farmers. In doing this, one of the foremost problems is the development of a reliable and valid criterion variable, because of a number of characteristics of farming and the farm‐family complex.This article discusses problems in developing a criterion of management performance and examines the use of rating techniques for this purpose. Two rating techniques are used to measure management performance on Missouri dairy farms. The results, while suggesting major differences both in the criterion of managerial performance used by different people and in the ratings, identify sources of the differences and opportunities to improve the measuring of management performanc

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02431.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper reports on an application of the Markov chain process to an analysis of the size structure of the primary Canadian dairy industry. On the basis of observed changes in the size distribution of “census” farms with milk cows from 1961 to 1966, projections were made of the numbers of these farms by herd size for the years 1971 and 1981. It is projected that by the year 1981 there will be 109,200 farms with milk cows in Canada, a 51 per cent decline from the numbers in 1966. All of the decrease will occur in the smaller size herds of less than 33 cows. Farms with herd sizes larger than this are expected to increase in numbers. Projections were made separately for Ontario and Que

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02432.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In spite of the criticisms which have been levied against statistical estimation of supply response, it is used in this study to determine the factors causing yearly fluctuations in Canadian wheat acreage. The estimates are derived from 1947–1966 time series data. In formulating price expectations, both the traditional and distributed lag models are used.It was found that wheat acreage response is not a random process. From a statistical standpoint, wheat and flax prices, wheat stocks on farms, and export sales did affect farmers' wheat acreage decisions. Among the elasticities computed, those for wheat prices were the largest but generally less than one. Barley prices, rainfall prior to seeding, and cattle prices were also considered but did not appear to have a serious influence on wheat acreag

ISSN:0008-3976    

DOI:10.1111/j.1744-7976.1968.tb02433.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY