摘要:

Abstract.A study to evaluate the relative validity of two dietary assessment methods, to be used in a prospective cohort study on diet and cancer, was conducted in a random sample of the Malmö population during 1984–1985. The study compared (i) a long, self‐administered ‘food‐use questionnaire’ (about 250 food items), asking for frequency of consumption of food and beverages and for usual portion size estimated with the help of a booklet of food pictures, and (ii) a combined method involving a shorter food frequency questionnaire (about 130 food items) and a 2‐week diet diary, with (iii) a reference method requiring 18 days of weighed food records. The results indicated that subject compliance was quite good for both methods and, in particular, that the diet diary was well accepted. Both methods produced fairly good correlations with the reference method, of the order of 0.40 to 0.60 for most nutrients after adjustment for energy. Both methods tended to overestimate intake of fat, protein and carbohydrates as well as of vitamins

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00648.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The study of protective cellular responses to DNA damage has led to the working hypothesis that optimal niacin nutriture is a preventive factor in cancer. Described here is the development of a biomarker for determining niacin status termed Niacin Number. The combination of this biomarker with diet and cancer epidemiology will allow evaluation of the possible role of this nutrient in cancer risk.

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00649.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Currently there are no available biological markers that have been satisfactorily validated clinically as ‘intermediate end‐points’ for evaluation of the impact of diet on cancer. Therefore, there is high scientific value in banking biological specimens for future use in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study. The banking procedures we have developed are adequate for assessing factors that estimate dietary intake (e.g. vitamins, lipids or micronutrients) as well as non‐dietary variables (e.g. immunologic and ecogenetic factors of biologically effective doses of xenobiotic exposures) that may regulate the biological expression of dietary variables. This approach is further justified by state‐of‐the‐art technology that includes assessment of the concept of gene‐environment interactions. Purified viable mononuclear leucocytes, granulocytes, erythrocytes, plasma and serum are being stored from each individual entering the study under the guidelines of a strict quality control programme. Storage of tumour/normal tissues from incident cancer cases are also being stored and quality controlled. It is hoped that these banking procedures will encourage a high activity in biomarker developme

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00650.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Evaluation of pro‐oxidant/antioxidant dietary factors in relation to individual susceptibility to cancer and cardiovascular disease is justified based on a review of the literature. This working hypothesis is amendable to further scientific validation from biomarkers with end‐point sensitivity to oxygen radicals. So far, the biomarker programme developed around this theme may be divided into three distinct classes:(1) Markers of genotoxic exposure estimate DNA damage either directly as a bilogically effective dose, or indirectly by estimating aberrant cellular functions that lead to accumulation of DNA damage. The examples included are ADP‐ribosylation in mononuclear leucocytes (R. Pero, A. Olsson), oxidative DNA damage (K. Frenkel), gene expression in lymphocytes (S. Garte. G. Cosma), serum alpha macroglobulin (W. Troll) and oxidized DNA damage and repair (N. Christie).(2) Markers of genetic predisoposition have been shown to have genetic inheritance patterns that relate to individual susceptibility to cancer or cardiovascular disease. The examples included are glutathione transferase mu phenotyping (R. Pero. J. Seidegård) and poly (ADP‐ribose) polymerase pseudogene polymorphism (M. Smulson).(3) Markers of dietary status have been validated to estimate the amount of a particular nutrient or xenobiotic in the diet that has been taken up and metabolized or distributed to body fluids or tissues. The example included here is niacin nutriture (E. Jacobson. M. Jacobson). This biomarker is presented in Section 5 (pp. 59–62) of the Malmö Diet and Cancer Programme Minisymposium reported in this issue of

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00651.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The authors discuss biological markers from an epidemiologic perspective, emphasizing the importance of integrating biomarkers into large‐scale observational and intervention studies. Whereas any biologic phenomenon can be considered a biomarker, an intermediate end‐point is defined as being on the causal pathway between exposure and disease. An intermediate end‐point is a valid surrogate for a disease in relation to a given exposure if, and only if, that exposure causes a similar change in the occurrence of both the intermediate end‐point and the disease. Cancer studies using surrogate end‐points may be shorter, smaller and cheaper than those using malignancyper seas an outcome. Three types of studies may be carried out to determine whether a given biomarker is an intermediate end‐point and whether it can serve as a surrogate: (i) exposure‐marker studies, (ii) marker‐disease studies, and (iii) studies comprising all three elements, exposure, marker, and disease. The authors discuss statistical aspects of these three types of studies and provide examples from investigations of alcohol‐hormones‐breast cancer, diet‐epithelial proliferation markers‐large bowel adenomatous polyps, and reproductive risk factors‐human papillomavirus

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00652.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A case of a 17‐year‐old Indian male with disseminated tuberculosis is reported. While on chemotherapy, he was detected to have splenic abscesses. The patient remained unresponsive to antituberculous drugs until a splenectomy was perfor

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00653.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Azathioprine‐associated pure red cell aplasia in patients with a renal allograft is a rare complication. Although immunological inhibition of erythroid progenitor cell has been suggested, the cause of this phenomenon remains unclear. The patient we describe showed a decrease in the number of erythroid progenitor cells and no evidence for the presence of a serum inhibitor of these precursor cells. Discontinuation of azathioprine was associated with a complete recovery from anaemia as well, with an increase in the number of erythroid progenitor cell

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00654.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A 69‐year‐old woman with a history of diabetes and hypertension, was referred to the Hospital of Laredo because of hyponatraemia. She had weakness and slight dyspnoea with no evidence of extracellular fluid volume depletion or oedema. Serum sodium level on admission was 125 mol l−1, plasma osmolality 270 mosmol kg−1, simultaneous urine osmolality was 580 mosmol kg−1and urine sodium 32.6 mmol l−1. She had been treated with enalapril (20 mg) daily for 4 months. She was diagnosed with the Syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) that was reversed after cessation of treatment with enalapril and reappeared on reintroduction of the drug at the same

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00655.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00656.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00657.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY