摘要:

Abstract.Residents of a coastal fishing village in Japan consume larger amounts of fresh fish rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) than those in inland farming villages. A higher content of EPA and DHA in the plasma and reduced platelet aggregability was observed in the residents of the fishing village than in farmers. Incidence of thrombotic cardiovascular disorders was lower in the fishing area than in the farming area. Oral ingestion of highly purified EPA or DHA reduced platelet aggregability and improved serum lipid profile in healthy subjects and in hyperlipidaemic patients, though DHA seems to be much less potent. In clinical studies with highly purified EPA, improvement of clinical features was noted in patients with thrombotic cardiovascular disorders. It is also shown that EPA and DHA have an anti‐inflammatory effect in man although EPA is far more active than DH

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01438.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of moderate freshwater fish intake on the lipid metabolism was studied in healthy students using a public catering system. In the first trial, male students ate an average of 3.7 fish meals per week (about 1 g of n‐3 fatty acids daily) for 15 weeks. The n‐3 fatty acids increased in the erythrocyte and platelet membranes at the expense of n‐6 fatty acids. Serum triglyceride, apolipoprotein A1 and B levels and platelet thromboxane B2production decreased. In the dose response study, four groups had been eating fish for 12 weeks. Similar findings were made with the highest dose as in the previous study. In addition, new measurements showed a decrease in the platelet and erythrocyte aggregability. With two lower doses (1.5 and 2.3 diet meals eaten per week), only a tendency to decreased triglyceride level and aggregability was noticed. The results obtained show that already moderate freshwater fish intake modifies, in a long‐term, lipid metabolism, supporting the hypothesis of protective effect against cardiovascular d

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In an inland and a coastal community, mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) was registered over a 10‐year period. Healthy males representing these two communities were investigated. A dietary registration showed a high saturated fat intake and a daily consumption of fish of 132.4 and 55.1 g and 0.9 and 0.2 g of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in the two groups respectively. The contents of n‐3 fatty acids in platelet phospholipids and primary bleeding times were similar, but collagen‐induced platelet aggregation was higher in the coastal area. Higher serum triglyceride levels, higher content of saturated fatty acids and lower content of linoleic acid in platelet phospholipids were observed in males from the coastal area. CHD mortality was higher in the coastal area for both sexes. Daily dietary supplement of cod liver oil prolonged the bleeding time, reduced n‐6 and increased n‐3 fatty acids of platelet phospholipids. This studies indicate that a high content of lean fish and diet rich in saturated fat is not sufficient to pr

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The influence of fish oils rich in n‐3 fatty acids on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations in patients with primary hyperlipoproteinaemia is reviewed. When used as a dietary supplement, n‐3 fatty acids exert their greatest effect on the concentrations of triglyceride‐rich lipoproteins and these effects are dose dependent. Low doses of n‐3 fatty acids reduce plasma triglyceride concentrations in patients with phenotypic type IV, type V and type IIB hyperlipoproteinaemia, but concurrently result in modest increases in the plasma concentrations of low density lipoprotein (LDL). With very high doses plasma concentrations of LDL cholesterol decrease in patients with the type IIB phenotype. At low doses n‐3 fatty acids do not significantly lower concentrations of LDL cholesterol in patients with primary hypercholesterolaemia whereas at higher doses a modest LDL lowering effect is achieved. The results indicate that the therapeutic potential of n‐3 fatty acids as hypolipidaemic agents is greatest in patients with hypertrigl

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effects of consuming oils providing alpha‐linolenic (ALA), eicosapentaenoic (EPA) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) acids were studied in healthy volunteers. A blunted increase in plasma triglyceride was observed in subjects given a test meal containing fish oil compared with olive oil; cholesterol concentrations were not increased; increases in EPA and DHA were seen in all lipid fractions. In longer term supplementation studies, ALA increased EPA, but not DHA in plasma phospholipids; preformed EPA was more effective. The proportion of EPA in platelet lipids increased in a dose dependent manner. EPA or DHA, but not ALA, decreased plasma triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol concentrations. Supplements containing DHA increased HDL and HDL2cholesterol and LDL apoB. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol concentrations were unaltere

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Evidence of a blood‐pressure‐lowering effect of marine polyunsaturated fatty acids was examined in epidemiological and intervention studies. Data from observational studies suggest that in populations consuming diets rich in sea food, the prevalence of elevated blood pressure is low compared with Western societies. These observations were supported by results from intervention studies with fish oil supplementation to Western diets. At present dietary supplementation with fish oil concentrates should be considered experimen

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Ventricular fibrillation (VF), a serious arrhythmia, is an important cause of death from ischaemic heart disease. There is substantial evidence that experimental diets with a high polyunsaturated (linoleic acid) to saturated fatty acid ratio offer protection against VF. In this article the effects of large amounts of dietary fish oil (up to 30%cal) are reviewed. It is concluded that in all recently published studies marked increases in the incorporation of n‐3 fatty acids in membranes was achieved. Two studies were too small, however, to demonstrate any statistically significant difference in VF. The results from a third, a long term feeding study, show a reduction in VF when compared with a highly saturated fat diet, but not when compared to a polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐6) rich diet. Using a more realistic fish oil supplement (0.4%cal) for 8 weeks, we observed a small but nonsignificant reduction in the incidence of VF during acute myocardial ischaemia in the isolated perfused rat heart. The need for further work on the effect of dose, dietary period and confounding influences of saturated fatty acids and linoleic acid are discus

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The purpose of this paper is to describe the dynamics of n‐3 and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in major phospholipids of heart muscle. The profile of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids was examined in rats in relation to various risk factors of coronary heart disease such as stress (catecholamines), ageing and dietary fat. The level of n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids in cardiac phospholipids was also examined in relation to coronary heart disease and sudden cardiac death in man. Severe stress caused great changes in the fatty acid profile of phospholipids. Corresponding changes were observed during adaptation to neonatal stress. Rats fed diets containing cod liver oil, butter or corn oil showed different fatty acid composition of individual phospholipids in sarcolemma. Repeated epinephrine administration induced similar changes in the three dietary groups despite large differences in initial levels of individual n‐3 and n‐6 fatty acids. Fatal ventricular fibrillation in rats and sudden cardiac death in man were accompanied by a high ratio of 20:4 n‐6/22:6 n‐3. The balance between n‐6 and n‐3 fatty acids in cellular phospholipids seem to play an important role

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In spite of the recent flurry of interest in n‐3 fatty acids, haemorheological effects have been somewhat neglected. When quantifying blood rheology by means of blood viscosity, plasma viscosity, haematocrit, red cell deformability and red cell aggregation measurements, it is observed that all these parameters (except for haematocrit) are altered significantly when an increasing dose of n‐3 fatty acids is given to volunteers. In patients with hyperlipoproteinaemias similar effects are seen during an 8‐week medication period, n‐3 fatty acids seem to increase blood fluidity by at least two independent mechanisms: changing red cell deformability possibly by altering the cell membrane composition, and lowering plasma viscosity possibly by altering the protein pattern of the plasma. The therapeutic potential of the observed changes lies in increasing blood flow in ischaemic tissues and needs to be explored more tho

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In a controlled trial 40 healthy persons (20 men and 20 women) were tested before and after a daily supplement with 25 ml cod liver oil for 8 weeks. The diet increased the eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 n‐3) content in serum and monocytes four‐to five‐fold whereas the arachidonic acid (20:4 n‐6) content decreased 10–20% in both serum and monocytes. Stimulation of blood with a low concentration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) revealed a 40% suppression of LPS‐induced thromboplastin synthesis in the monocytes after 8 weeks of CLO intake. In the same LPS stimulation system, men were found to generate significantly more thromboxane B2than women (4.9 ng ml−1versus 3.4 ng ml−1). After the CLO supplementation for 8 weeks the thromboxane B2was reduced by a mean of 70% in women and 60% in men. Factor VII and fibrinogen appeared to be unaltered by CLO intake. Determination of whole blood clot lysis time and tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) did not indicate any significant influence of n‐3 fatty ac

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1989.tb01447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY