ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00173.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Apart from being an acute phase reactant, fibrinogen appears to play an important although not widely recognized role in athero‐/thrombogenesis. Arteriosclerotic diseases are associated with elevated levels of plasma fibrinogen. Strategies that lower the cardiovascular risk also lower fibrinogen levels. Virtually all accepted risk factors are associated with hyperfibrinogenaemia, while low risk populations usually have low fibrinogen levels. Epidemiological studies show that fibrinogen is a predictor of arteriosclerotic diseases. Its predictive power seems to be as high as or higher than accepted risk factors. These findings and other circumstantial, as well as experimental, evidence suggest that fibrinogen is a powerful, independent cardiovascular risk facto

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Serum erythropoietin (EPO) concentrations were markedly depressed relative to the degree of anaemia in 10 patients with acute tubular necrosis, and remained low long after restoration of excretory renal function as estimated by glomerular filtration rate. Evidence is presented that the low serum EPO level is due to defective synthesis and not to increased catabolism. It is suggested that the predominantly aregeneratory anaemia found in prolonged cases of acute tubular necrosis, and the slow restoration of red cell mass during recovery, are due to the deficient synthesis of EPO. A positive erythropoietic response in a therapeutic trial with recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO) appears to support this hypothesis.

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The development of femoral atheroma after 1 year of treatment with diet and nicotinic acid plus fenofibrate was studied in 45 asymptomatic, hyperlipidaemic, middle‐aged male subjects in a non‐randomized controlled study. The median serum very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol concentration and the low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration were lowered by 67% and 36%, respectively, in the treatment group. The median serum high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration was increased by 23%.Femoral atheroma was estimated by overall atherosclerosis score (OAS). Changes in femoral atherosclerosis were estimated by intrapair comparison of angiograms. Progression was found in 24% and 40% in the treatment and control groups, respectively. Regression occurred in 29% and 0%, respectively.The OAS decrease correlated with reductions in VLDL cholesterol and systolic blood press

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The mineral content of the heel bone, and signs of osteoporosis on X‐ray of the spine, were evaluated in 26 patients (20 women and 6 men) with giant cell arteritis (GCA), treated with prednisolone for an average period of 5 years. The mean age was 78 years (range 66–95 years). These results were compared with those obtained from a large population study of individuals aged 72, 75, 82 and 85 years.An increase of obvious and severe spinal osteoporosis from 16 to 85% was observed in the women in the population study between the ages of 72 and 85. No additional osteoporosis that could be attributed to the cortisone treatment was found among the GCA patients. The bone mineral content was not reduced in the patients compared to the general population.We conclude that there is no justification for attempting non‐steroid treatment in GCA on account of the risk of osteoporosis. Corticosteroids are the only safe treatment for prevention of complications o

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The frequency of the HLA linked iron‐loading gene was assessed in 1783 Afrikaner men over the age of 40 years living in the South Western Cape. Measurements, made on three occasions over a 4.5 year period, included the serum ferritin concentration, a screening test for reduced unsaturated iron‐binding capacity and the percentage transferrin saturation. The serum γ‐glutamyl transferase concentration was used as a marker of alcohol abuse. The diagnosis of homozygosity was based on a serum ferritin concentration that was persistently>400 μg l−1and a percentage transferrin saturation>55%. Using these criteria, 17 subjects were diagnosed as homozygous, corresponding to a disease frequency of 0.0095, a gene frequency of 0.0976 and a heterozygote frequency of 0.176 (95% confidence limits: 0.135–0.213). None of the subjects had overt clinical haemochromatosis. Typing for the HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and ‐DR loci showed that the HLA‐A3 allele (frequency 0.6471 and relative risk 4.4) was the only independent marker for the iron‐loading gene in this asymptomatic population. Using the present approach it was not possible to distinguish between heterozygotes, alcohol abusers and normal subjects with serum ferritin concentrations at the upper

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A total of 138 male body builders who regularly attended a gym participated anonymously in a study of the use of anabolic‐androgenic steroids in relation to side‐effects, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI; kg m−2), training frequency, social background, occupation, knowledge and attitudes to steroid use. Fifty‐three of the 138 body builders had used anabolic‐androgenic steroids for a median duration of 2 years. Steroid use was linked to a higher BMI and more frequent training. Seventy‐five per cent (n= 18) of those attending body building for competition, and 24% (n= 11) of those attending to improve their sense of well‐being, used anabolic‐androgenic steroids. Of all body builders, 94% considered anabolic‐androgenic steroids to be dangerous. Of the users, 81% experienced side‐effects, but 74% still intended to continue

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Ninety‐one middle‐aged men and women with untreated mild hypertension were allocated to a nopharmacological treatment group or to a control group. Members of the treatment group were instructed to reduce daily sodium intake to<70 mmol, to reduce the intake of saturated fat, to lose weight if necessary and to perform regular physical exercise and relaxation training. Adherence to and effects of the programme on blood pressure and serum lipids were monitored for 12 months. In the treatment group, daily sodium excretion decreased to and remained at 50% of its original level (P<0.001), and there was a significant reduction in saturated fat intake. The average weight reduction was modest. Adherence to physical exercise and relaxation training regimens was poor. The net decreases (difference in changes between treatment and control group) in blood pressure were greatest during the first 3 months: in men the decrease in systolic blood pressure was 11.3 mmHg (P<0.001) and in diastolic blood pressure 8.3 mmHg (P<0.001); in women the decrease in systolic blood pressure was 10.8 mmHg (P<0.01) and in diastolic blood pressure 6.4 mmHg (P<0.01). However, this decrease diminished during the last 3 months to approximately one half owing to blood pressure reduction in controls. Low density lipoprotein cholesterol levels decreased significantly in treated men and wo

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.During the period 1978–1986, annual sales of paracetamol in Denmark increased from 1 million defined daily doses (DDD) (3 g) to 47 million DDD, while the number of admissions and deaths from overdose increased from 26 to 202 and from 1 to 3–4, respectively. The corresponding figures for salicylates are a decrease in sales from 113 to 94 million DDD, an increase in admissions from 282 to 595, and an increase in deaths from 5 to 22. From 1 January 1984 paracetamol became available on an over‐the‐counter basis. The figures for 1983 and 1984 were an increase in sales from 14 to 28 million DDD, an increase in admissions from 114 to 198, and an increase in deaths from 0 to 4. The number of deaths from opioid overdose remained constant at a value of about fifty during this period, the mortality per dose being about 20‐fold higher than for paracetamol and salicylates. Dextropropoxyphene‐related deaths increased twofold to 121 in 1986, with unchanged sales figures. A campaign launched by the National Board of Health resulted in a reduction in the number of deaths from dextropropoxyphene to 66 in 1987. The main effect of over‐the‐counter release of paracetamol was a dramatic increase in sales, without the epidemic of deaths observed a decade ago in the UK. It is suggested that the higher mortality of paracetamol poisonings in the UK compared to Denmark is related to the dextropropoxyphene content of the combination product, which is not available in Denmark. From an epidemiological toxicological viewpoint such combinations ar

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In chance single‐case observations thromboxane excretion has been reported to increase several days prior to myocardial infarction. To test its frequency and potential diagnostic value we prospectively measured thromboxane excretion in 166 consecutive patients who had presented to the emergency unit with acute chest pain indicative of ischaemia. Thromboxane excretion at presentation was increased, sometimes dramatically, in 17 of 33 (52%) patients with unstable angina, in 42 of 73 (57%) patients with definite myocardial infarction, but in only two of 14 (14%) patients with stable angina. Nineteen of 29 patients undergoing early angiography had detectable intracoronary thrombi, and these patients excreted significantly more thromboxane than patients without thrombi. Ongoing platelet activation may be detected by increased thromboxane excretion in more than 50% of the patients presenting with unstable angina and myocardial infarction, particularly in those with intracoronary thrombi, but it is not a general phenomenon that can be used in diagnosi

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY