ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00659.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The gastrointestinal tract is frequently involved in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. One of the most common digestive manifestations is dysphagia/odynophagia which constitutes the presenting feature of the syndrome in a number of patients and occurs in many others during the subsequent phases of the illness. In the majority of cases it is due to an oesophageal infection by opportunistic pathogens (fungi or viruses or both) and may be successfully treated, at least temporarily, by specific antimicrobials. The present article examines the most recent acquisitions in terms of diagnosis and treatment of such common clinical problem.

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00660.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A survey among Danish students revealed that 33 (7.2%) of the respondents had experience with hallucinogenic mushrooms (HM). Afterwards these students answered an extended questionnaire about habits and pattern of consumption. It seems that mushroom use is experimental and may be due to risk‐seeking behaviour but is mostly recreational and restricted to a few events. Age over 25 years and male sex were statistically related to a higher lifetime consumption rate of HM. The age of first time users was significantly lower for marijuana than for HM. Only 15 of the respondents wanted to continue use. Most of them were males and they had significantly more friends with HM experience than those who would not continue. We recommend that surveys of drug abuse include questions concerning HM to monitor the trends and extent of HM abus

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00661.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Moclobemide is a recently introduced short‐acting, selective and reversible monoamine oxidase inhibitor, type A, with few and mild side‐effects at therapeutic doses. Fifteen reported cases of moclobemide overdose were studied in detail and are presented here. While pure mechanism overdosage seems benign, a combination with tricyclic antidepressants may result in serious poisoning even when the moclobemide overdose is mod

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00662.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In 76 consecutive patients who had received diuretics for 1–17 years for arterial hypertension or congestive heart failure, muscle concentrations of magnesium, potassium, and sodium‐potassium pumps were significantly reduced compared to 31 age‐ and sex‐matched controls. Thirty‐six patients with muscle magnesium and/or potassium below the control level received oral magnesium hydroxide supplement for 2–12 weeks (n= 20) or 26 weeks (n= 16). After short‐term (2–12 weeks) magnesium supplementation muscle parameters were increased, but far from normalized. After magnesium supplementation for 26 weeks, the muscle concentrations of magnesium, potassium and sodium‐potassium pumps were normalized in most cases. Oral magnesium supplementation may restore diuretic‐induced disturbances in the concentrations of magnesium, potassium and sodium potassium pumps in skeletal muscle. A supplemental period of at least 6 months seems to be required before complete normalizat

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00663.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Background. In animal experiments reduction of renal perfusion can stimulate erythropoietin production. The relationship between renal haemodynamics and erythropoietin production is unknown in congestive heart failure.Objective. The aim was to study the relationship between serum erythropoietin and renal haemodynamics, plasma renin activity and haematocrit in patients with congestive heart failure and in healthy control subjects.Patients and methods. Serum erythropoietin, renal plasma flow, glomerular filtration rate and plasma renin activity were determined in 14 patients with acyanotic congestive heart failure, and 36 healthy controls.Results. Serum erythropoietin was significantly elevated in congestive heart failure 26.6 U l−1(median) compared with controls 17.0 U l−1despite a normal haematocrit, and increased with the severity of congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association class II: 17 U l−1[n= 4]; class III: 30 U l−1[n= 5]; class IV: 45 U l−1[n= 5]). Significant inverse correlations between serum erythropoietin and renal plasma flow (r= −0.60,P<0.03), and between serum erythropoietin and glomerular filtration rate, were found in congestive heart failure but not in the control subjects. A significant positive correlation (r= 0.71,P<0.03) was demonstrated between serum erythropoietin and plasma renin activity in congestive heart failure.Conclusion. A severe reduction in renal perfusion in congestive heart failure appears to cause an increase in serum ery

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00664.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The objective was to study ambulatory blood pressure and heart rate variability between day and night in patients with type 1 (insulin‐dependent) diabetes mellitus with different degrees of diabetic nephropathy, and to evaluate the influence of autonomic neuropathy and type of antihypertensive treatment.Twenty type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy and antihypertensive treatment were studied with 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring using an oscillometric method. They were compared with eight insulin‐treated diabetic patients with short duration of diabetes (1–5 years) and with 10 apparently healthy subjects. The degree of autonomic neuropathy was evaluated by measuring the RR‐interval during deep breathing and uprising.The 24‐h blood pressure was generally higher in patients with diabetic nephropathy compared to those other two groups. These patients also had a lower ratio between day and night in diastolic blood pressure compared to the control subjects (1.15 ± 0.12 vs. 1.25 ± 0.76,P<0.05) and heart rate compared to the diabetic patients without nephropathy, as well as the control subjects (1.15 ± 0.08vs. 1.26 ± 0.09vs. 1.27 ± 0.08,P<0.01, respectively). All patients with diabetic nephropathy had clinical signs of autonomic neuropathy as judged by RR‐interval measurements during deep brea

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00665.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.To study left ventricular thrombus (LVT) formation and arterial embolism (AE), 106 consecutive patients with a first acute anterior myocardial infarction (AAMI) underwent two‐dimensional echocardiography before discharge. Repeated assessments for detection of AE were performed. Patients were non‐randomly allocated to either no heparin, low‐dose heparin or high‐dose heparin.LVT was found in 25 (26.9%) of 93 patients with technically satisfactory echocardiograms. Left ventricular (LV) wall motion impairment (P= 0.0017) and treatment with either heparin or low‐dose heparin (P= 0.0019) were independent predictors of LVT formation.AE, all strokes, occurred in 10 patients (9.4%) and was strongly associated with high age (P= 0.0013).In conclusion. LVT and AE are frequent complications to AAMI. LV wall motion impairment predisposes for LVT and low‐dose heparin seems not to prevent these co

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00666.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of dietary fructose (20% of carbohydrate calories, 45–65 g day−1for 4 weeks) on glycaemic control, serum lipid, lipoprotein and apoprotein A‐I and A‐II concentrations and on insulin sensitivity was studied in 10 type 2 diabetic patients. The study was done in a randomized, double‐blind fashion with crystalline fructose or placebo administered evenly during 4 meals or snacks per day. The patients were hospitalized throughout the study periods. The fasting plasma glucose concentration decreased during the fructose (from 10.7 ± 1.4 mmol l−1to 8.0 ± 0.8 mmol l−1,P<0.02) and the control diet (from 10.1 ± 0.9 mmol l−1to 8.0 ± 0.7 mmol l−1P<0.05). The mean diurnal blood glucose concentration also fell both during the fructose (from 10.8± 0.5 mmol l−1to 8.4 ± 0.3 mmol l−1,P<0.001) and the control diet (from 10.3 ± 0.3 mmol l−1to 8.8 ± 0.9 mmol l−1,P<0.01). The HbA1concentration improved (P<0.02) only during the fructose diet. Insulin sensitivity increased by 34% (P<0.05) during the fructose diet, but remained unchanged during the control period. Serum insulin, triglyceride, apoprotein A‐I and A‐II concentrations, body weight, blood pressure and blood lactate remained unchanged during both diets. In conclusion, substitution of moderate amounts of fructose for complex carbohydrates can improve glycaemic control and insulin sensiti

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00667.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Stroke incidence was analysed in a Swedish cohort of male (n = 1428) and female (n= 1812) hypertensive patients in comparison with age‐ and sex‐matched population controls (1:1) and with normotensive untreated subjects (1249 men and 1247 women). Mean follow‐up was 8.3 years. Patients were aged 40–69 at the start of follow‐up in 1977–1981. Relative risks (95% confidence interval [CI]) for stroke morbidity were 1.63 (1.16, 2.29) for men and 1.40 (0.94, 2.09) for women compared to population controls. Corresponding figures for stroke mortality were 1.96 (1.01–3.82) and 1.48 (0.71–3.06). Compared to the normotensive sample with adjustment for smoking and body mass index relative risks for stroke morbidity were 3.07 (1.96–4.80) for men and 2.56 (1.46–4.51) for women. The prognosis of treated hypertension with respect to stroke is better than anticipated from previous studies, a fact that should be considered when treatment guide

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1993.tb00668.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY