ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Recommendations state that the optimum ratio of blood pressure cuff width/arm circumference (CW/AC) is about 0.4. In this study of middle‐aged men (n= 940) and women (n= 1484), we analysed the effect of CW/AC on blood pressure measurement variability and its interaction with age, body mass index (BMI), pulse rate and room temperature. In univariate polynomial regression, the variability (R2) in blood pressure that was explained by CW/AC was greater for women (systolic 6.3% and diastolic 5.7%) than for men (2.0% and 0.5%). In multivariate analysis the maximum variability explained independently by CW/AC was 2.7% for male and 6.7% for female systolic blood pressure, and 1.1% and 6.0% for male and female diastolic blood pressure, respectively. For systolic blood pressure this represented 10.4% of the explained variability in men and 9.3% of that in women. CW/AC is an important independent contributor to inter‐individual variation in blood pressure measurement. It should therefore be taken into consideration in epidemiological studies and when medical care is being plan

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.During a 10‐year period from 1st January 1977 to 31st December 1986, a temporal artery biopsy was performed in 2307 patients in the city of Göteborg. The biopsy revealed giant cell arteritis (GCA) in 284 (12.5%) of patients. The average annual incidence of biopsy‐proven GCA was 6.7 per 100 000 inhabitants. For women and men it was 9.9 and 3.5 per 100 000 inhabitants, respectively. In individuals aged 50 years or older, the average incidence was 18.3 per 100 000 inhabitants, with values of 25 and 9.4 for women and men, respectively. The annual incidence rate increased significantly (P<0.01) for women, but not for men: this result was not explained by demographic changes in the popula

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00150.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.To determine the frequency of the so‐called silent or occult presentation of temporal arteritis (presentation with mere constitutional symptoms) and the resulting delay in diagnosis in this particular group, the medical records of all patients (n= 82) with temporal arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica, presenting between 1982 and 1988 at the Department of General Internal Medicine of the University Hospital, were retrospectively analysed. Only biopsy‐proven cases (n= 34) were studied further.Of the 34 patients with temporal arteritis, 13 (38%) presented with the silent or occult form. In this group the mean delay in diagnosis was 21.5 d (range 2–105) in contrast to a delay of 8.5 d (range 1–40) in the other group (P<0.05).Increased awareness of this presentation should lead to earlier diagnosis and treatment of this potentially life‐threatening disease, resulting in a shorter hospital stay and fewer technical investigations, with a considerable financi

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00151.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In order to facilitate research on body weight related diseases, and to plan suitable prevention and intervention programmes, data concerning the prevalence of overweight and obesity are required on a nationwide scale. In this study, data for weight and height from a representative sample (n= 14549) of adult Swedes (16–84 years of age) were analysed. Data were obtained from the Study on Living Conditions conducted by Statistics Sweden, and body mass indices (BMI, kg m−2) were calculated from these interviews. They were then calibrated, since we had previously found that reported anthropometric measurements must be corrected so as to conform to recorded height and weight values, and we have developed equations accordingly. The overall mean BMI (±SE) was 24.02±0.99 kg m−2for women and 24.56±0.88 kg m−2for men. However, with regard to age, striking differences between the sexes were observed using this cross‐sectional approach. Whereas in men there was a moderate increase in BMI with age, there was a sharp increase in women from 45–54 years onwards.If obesity is defined according to WHO recommendations (BMI for men>30.0 kg m−2, and for women>28.6 kg m−2), then 34.5% of all men in our sample were found to be overweight and 6.6% were found to be obese. The corresponding figures for women are 31.2% and 13.1%. Our data suggest that, on a nation‐wide scale, overweight and obesity are common in men and women, but in women there is a marked increase from the menopause onward, for reasons that have

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00152.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Gene mutations at the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor locus were screened in 210 alleles of Japanese patients with familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). In the present study, two types of novel mutation were identified by genomic Southern blotting using human LDL receptor cDNA probes.An approximately 12 kb deletion including exons 2 and 3 (and possibly 4) was identified in a patient (M.I.). The patient with this mutant gene will be referred to as ‘FH‐Kanazawa’.Two patients born in Okayama Prefecture in Japan had another unique 13 kb partial deletion, from exons 7 to 14, in their LDL receptor genes (FH‐Okayama). This mutant allele is the first reported case in which the central portion of the LDL receptor gene, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) precursor homology region, is eli

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00153.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Mononuclear phagocyte‐derived cytokines are important regulators of haemopoiesis in inflammatory conditions. By means of radioimmunoassay we measured the levels of two cytokines, tumour necrosis factor‐α and interleukin 1β in sera from subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus, and related the levels to the presence and severity of haematological abnormalities. The levels of tumour necrosis factor‐α were significantly higher in patients with anaemia (142 ± 17 (SE) pg ml−1), lymphopenia (107 ± 20 pg ml−1) or both (137 ± 21 pg ml−1) than in individuals without anaemia (18 ± 5 pg ml−1;P<0.001), without lymphopenia (16 ± 7 pg ml−1;P<0.001) or without either disorder (19 ± 7 pg ml−1;P<0.001). A strong negative correlation was found between tumour necrosis factor‐α and haemoglobin values (r= − 0.83,P<0.001) and absolute lymphocyte count (r= − 0.66,P<0.001) in human immunodeficiency virus infection. The changes in the levels of serum interleukin 1β were less pronounced but followed the same general trend as the changes in tumour necrosis factor‐α. The results show that the production of mononuclear phagocyte‐derived cytokines is enhanced in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and that the levels of these factors are correlated with the presence

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00154.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Forty‐five consecutive adult patients with haematological malignancies were studied prospectively to evaluate cardiac involvement in bone marrow transplantation (BMT). Echocardiography and measurement of systolic time intervals were performed before conditioning with cyclophosphamide (CY) (120 mg kg−1) and total body irradiation (10–12 Gy), and repeated 1 month and 1 year after BMT. The left ventricular (LV) changes at the 1‐month study included increases in mass index (85.1 ± 4.0 g m−2vs. 76.1 ± 3.3 g m−2, mean ± SE;P<0.001) and in the pre‐ejection period/ejection time ratio (0.46 ± 0.01vs0.36 ± 0.01,P<0.001), and decreases in fractional shortening (24.9 ± 1.0%vs. 27.9 ± 0.8%,P<0.01) and in the peak normalized diameter lengthening rate (2.2 ± 0.1 s−1vs. 2.6 ± 0.1 s−1,P<0.01). Four patients developed congestive heart failure. Twenty‐four patients were alive and relapse‐free 1 year after BMT. The LV measurements were then no longer different from the pre‐transplant readings. Thus BMT that is preceded by conditioning with CY and total body irradiation results in increased LV mass and impaired systolic and diastolic LV function. These changes are mostly subclinical, and are also reversible if the recipient survives the init

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00155.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We studied a cross‐sectional sample of 260 subjects aged 30–60 years, in order to assess the relation between food intake habits and factors of the fibrinolytic system. Plasma samples of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) antigen, and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI‐1) activity were obtained for the assay. The dietary pattern was determined using a food frequency questionnaire, according to which the subjects were grouped as high, low or medium consumers. The subjects who were high consumers of fruit, vegetables, and root vegetables showed the lowest levels of PAI‐1, those who were low consumers had the highest levels, whereas the medium consumers showed intermediate values. The tPA levels did not differ between the three groups, and there were no significant differences in other variables that covaried with PAI‐1 levels, such as age, anthropometric variables, or serum lipid levels, which could confound the PAI‐1/food pattern relationship. The data, which show that a frequent intake of fruit, vegetables, and root vegetables — foodstuffs rich in vitamin C and fibre — is associated with lower PAI‐1 levels, are consistent with increased activity of the fibrinolytic system and thus a reduced risk of thromboembolic and cardiovascular disease in subjects who exhibit this fo

ISSN:0954-6820    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2796.1990.tb00156.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY