摘要:

Crude starfish extracts or mechanical stimulation applied to the isolated mantle edge ofLima scabraevoked afferent impulse activity in the palliai nerves and local movements of the velum. The elicited spike activity was not a primary afferent response and the induced velum movements, which resembled jet formation on the mantle edge of intact clams, were apparently controlled by peripherally located neurons. Adductor muscle activity and efferent palliai nerve spikes were elicited by decreases in ambient illumination and by the application of mechanical stimulation or starfish extract to the mantle edge. Efferent impulse activity in the palliai nerves was correlated with protective movements of the mantle edge at the adduction. Similarities between the adductions evoked fromL. scabraand scallop escape adductions are discussed.

ISSN:0091-181X    

DOI:10.1080/10236247809378525

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

In the laboratory the mud snailllyanassa obsoletafollows the mucous trails of conspecifics away from the trail's origin in the absence of any cue other than some parameter of the mucous trail. Cues guiding directionally polarized trail following persist after trails have been immersed in seawater for at least four hours. Individual snails can distinguish their own from a conspecific's trail as evidenced by the preference of mud snails to pursue a con • specific's trail rather than their own. The responses ofllyanassato trails of the closely related gastropodNassarius vibexare similar to its responses to conspecific's trails, butN. vibexexhibits species‐specific trail following. The data suggest that chemoreception is involved in trail following behavior and the results are discussed in reference to aspects of the ecology ofllyanassa.

ISSN:0091-181X    

DOI:10.1080/10236247809378526

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The aversive behaviour patterns ofC. operculariselicited in aquaria depend upon the level of predatory starfish extract and mechanical stimulation applied to the mantle edge. Shell closure is followed by escape adductions and/or swimming. At the escape adduction the scallop moves directly away from the stimulus, the single jet being formed on the velum curtain of both sides even when the mantle edge of only one side is stimulated. Nerve fibres in the radial palliai nerves are responsible for communication between the mantle edge of both sides. The visceroparietal ganglion and adequate stretch of the striated block of the adductor muscle are necessary for the rhythmic sequence of adductions which result in swimming.

ISSN:0091-181X    

DOI:10.1080/10236247809378527

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Tritonia diomedialocates its sea whip prey at a distance by detection of food odor gradients using its rhinophores. It then turns in the direction of ambient water currents which are detected by other sensory structures. Rate of locomotion is increased in water currents of higher velocity, or when the odor of certain coelenterates is added to the water stream. When food is centered on the oral veil surfaces it uses its radula, odontophore and jaws to bite‐off and ingest short sections. Feeding supersedes courtship‐copulation and resting behaviors, and is itself dominated by escape‐swimming in the behavioral hierarchy.

ISSN:0091-181X    

DOI:10.1080/10236247809378528

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

An intertidal Hawaiian diogenid hermit crab,Calcinus laevimanus,has an enlarged left chela, bearing a large white patch on its outer surface. The chela is used in agonistic display and in fighting. In fights between opponents closely matched in size, the crab bearing the larger white patch is more likely to win. An experiment in which the white was concealed by black paint showed that it is the white patch persethat confers an agonistic advantage on the bearer. Possible modes of effect are discussed.

ISSN:0091-181X    

DOI:10.1080/10236247809378529

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Antennular chemosensitivity in the spiny lobster,Panulirus argus,to extract of the pink shrimp,Penaeus duorarumis based on extract components of less than 1,000 molecular weight. Amino acids account for a major part, but not all, of the extract's capacity to stimulate antennular receptors. Taurine is the most stimulatory of the amino acids comprisingP. duorarumextract, although no single amino acid accounts for the amino acid fraction's stimulatory potential.

ISSN:0091-181X    

DOI:10.1080/10236247809378530

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

The intertidal hermit crab,Pagurus longicarpus,apparently utilizes material found in detrital foam floating on the surface of the water. In surface feeding, this species employs a behavior pattern quite different from its normal mode of feeding. This behavior, in conjunction with a highly opportunistic foraging strategy, enables the hermit crabs quickly to locate and utilize this unpredictable resource.

ISSN:0091-181X    

DOI:10.1080/10236247809378531

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

摘要:

Electrical recordings indicate the existence of two conduction systems, a nerve net and a slow conduction system, within colonies of the sea penPtilosarcus gurneyi.These extend throughout the colony and are separable on the basis of conduction velocity, pulse shape and threshold. Spontaneous activity in the nerve net is correlated with expansion‐contraction behavior of the colony. Activity in an expanded sea pen is less than 0.001 Hz. A burst of about 10 pulses at 0.5 to 2.0 Hz immediately precedes contraction. Nerve net pulses continue at a frequency of 0.05 to 0.07 Hz in a contracted colony. Stimulation of the nerve net at 0.5 to 2.0 Hz causes contraction, and at 0.05 to 0.07 Hz, prevents a contracted sea pen from ex‐expanding. Selective stimulation of the slow system at 0.25 to 0.5 Hz in a partially contractedPtilosarcuscauses re‐expansion, suggesting that the slow system separately exerts control over expansion. Spontaneous nerve net activity during both expansion and contraction originates primarily near the base of the rachis.

ISSN:0091-181X    

DOI:10.1080/10236247809378532

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor

ISSN:0091-181X    

DOI:10.1080/10236247809378524

出版商:Taylor & Francis Group    

年代:1978

数据来源: Taylor