摘要:

AbstractAssessment and education in self‐care, ‘activities of daily living’ (ADL) have provided a traditional focus among occupational therapists. Available literature supports the teaching of self‐care skills to clients who have severe and profound intellectual disability. Although some programmes have been developed to deal with menstrual management for women with mild and moderate intellectual disability, studies addressing the needs of women with more severe disabilities (high support needs) are sparse, and generally involve only small numbers of women. A menstrual management project based at the University of Queensland developed a model of intervention to assist with menstrual management for women with high support needs. Case studies illustrate three key areas of intervention: (1) assessment of the women's actual or potential menstrual management skills; (2) increasing awareness of attitudes towards menstruation for women who have intellectual disability, among people assisting them; and (3) provision of a range of information, processes and resources to assist educators, families and others providing personal assistance, with informed menstrual management for these women. Positive gains made by four women with high support needs are presented. Relevant issues and difficulties are di

ISSN:0966-7903    

DOI:10.1002/oti.6150010303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis report describes a preventive education model of occupational therapy that anticipates and prevents problems of postsecondary school transition among students with disabilities. Under the model, therapists assess students' functional skills in three transition related areas: personal attitudes, interpersonal behaviors and work habits. Therapists then preventively train these skills through an individualized program of direct therapy with consultation or indirect therapy with on‐going monitoring of student performance. These therapeutic activities are integrated within existing curricular activities at each grade level and coordinated across grades throughout the student's public school career. Research evidence and case history illustrations about the effectiveness of the model are presented. The report recommends strategies to ensure that students with disabilities acquire prerequisite skills before — not after — beginning their transition from high school to work and independent living in the comm

ISSN:0966-7903    

DOI:10.1002/oti.6150010304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe sensorimotor coordination of 14 boys diagnosed with fragile X syndrome was assessed by standardised motor tests, including the McCarron Assessment of Neuromuscular Development (MAND) and the Beery Test of Visual‐Motor Integration — Revised. Clinical observations of quality of movement during gross and fine motor activities were made and the sessions videotaped to objectify test results. Subjects ranged in age from 3;11 years to 14;2 years (mean = 8;2 years). According to the MAND assessment, 80% of the children's motor functioning was severely impaired. The children had the most difficulty on motor tasks requiring visual‐motor integration and balance. Their fine motor skills were superior to their gross motor skills (F = 4.57; p11 years) performed significantly better on tasks of bimanual dexterity. The presence of mild hypotonicity and finger joint hyperextensibility was noted in most subjects (100% among the younger children, 57–86% among those over 11 years). This study is viewed as a preliminary examination of the clinical characteristics of motor proficiency in children diagnosed with fragile X syndrome. Although its results are inconclusive because of the small sample size, the severity of motor skills was consistent throughout the sample, and the superiority of the children's fine motor performance is worthy

ISSN:0966-7903    

DOI:10.1002/oti.6150010305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study investigated the effects of structured group workshops for a population with special needs. Twenty subjects, each with a mild or moderate mental handicap, attended a series of 10 weekly 1‐hour music workshops on the structured group playing of a Javanese Gamelan. Twenty subjects formed a non‐intervention control group. The experimental hypothesis was that participation in the experimental group would produce significant improvements in musical ability as measured by the Rossi test of musical ability, devised and validated for use in this study. Significant gains in communication skills as measured by the Communication Assessment Profile for Adults with a Mental Handicap (CASP) and self‐esteem levels measured by the Khalid semantic differential technique were also postulated. It was also suggested that these gains would be significantly correlated. Results show significant gains in musical ability (instrumental rhythm production: t = 5.67, d.f. = 29, p<0.01 and simple rhythm production: t = 8.42, d.f. = 29, p<0.01) and communication skills (t = 4.69, d.f. = 29, p<0.01). Moreover these results are significantly correlated (r = 0.59, p<0.05, r = 0.75, p<0.05, r = 0.56, p<0.05). A ceiling effect was obtained in the measurement of self‐esteem. It is suggested that these gains derive from certain aspects of the musical communicative environment at the workshops. Suggestions for future research involve examining the possible influences on these devel

ISSN:0966-7903    

DOI:10.1002/oti.6150010306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0966-7903    

DOI:10.1002/oti.6150010307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis is a case study of a young man with a mild intellectual disability and schizophrenia, who as a result of engaging in high‐risk behaviour acquired HIV and subsequently developed AIDS dementia. This resulted in a crisis of care that could not be resolved by traditional diagnostic based clinical services. A care package was developed by the authors that focused on the young man's needs, while embracing the principles of harm minimisation and the least restrictive environment. The authors argue that it is only through the development of a cross‐sectorial approach based on the needs of the individual that the needs of people with complex care issues can be

ISSN:0966-7903    

DOI:10.1002/oti.6150010308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0966-7903    

DOI:10.1002/oti.6150010302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY