摘要:

In order to compete effectively in the world market, a company must have a network of competent suppliers. A supplier development program is designed to create and maintain such a network—and to improve various supplier capabilities that are necessary for the buying organization to meet its increasing competitive challenges. This article details a conceptual model that describes the organizational decision process associated with a supplier development program. The proposed decision model can serve as a guideline for designing a supplier development program that can link purchasing strategy with a firm's overall corporate competitive strategy. Empirical evidence drawn from the experience of several companies actively involved with such a program is used to validate the model.

ISSN:0022-4030    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-493X.1990.tb00498.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

American manufacturing has been criticized for its adherence to economic conformance ideas that allow the acceptance of defects in purchased supplies and components. It has frequently been argued that this adherence is a major factor in losing the competitive edge with Japan. This study provides empirical data showing the extent to which U.S. manufacturing managers have adopted “quality is free” ideas—and how they compare with Japanese manufacturing managers. The article uses these data to derive implications for the U.S. purchasing function in the 1990s.

ISSN:0022-4030    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-493X.1990.tb00499.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Since the collapse of world oil prices in January 1986, and Mr. Gorbachev's subsequent call on Soviet enterprises to increase exports of “high value‐added manufactured goods” to decrease the country's dependence on oil for export earnings, pressures on Western trading partners to engage in countertrade have multiplied. Countertrade is one or more transactions involving the payment for materials purchased with other goods. Payment can be made either completely with products or commodities, or partially with products/commodities and partially with cash.A key consideration for Western companies countertrading with the Soviets is the usability or the salability of the goods they receive in exchange. This article examines various considerations in the evaluation of Soviet product quality. The impacts on product quality generated by the Soviet Union's centrally planned economy, its foreign trade system, and its quality control system are explored and evaluated. The emerging importance of countertrade in Soviet foreign trade is also discussed. Finally, some predictions regarding the future of Soviet product quality and the implications for Western firms accepting Soviet goods in countertrade are offered.

ISSN:0022-4030    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-493X.1990.tb00500.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The relationship between supplier and customer in the United States is gradually changing from adversarial to cooperative. The potential benefits of collaborative negotiation typically have been developed only in highly specialized or unique operating situations. This article demonstrates thegeneralsuperiority of cooperative negotiation, from the standpoint of overall cost reduction. It develops a generalized model and discusses some possible pitfalls in its implementation.

ISSN:0022-4030    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-493X.1990.tb00501.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

For organizations facing warehouse capacity constraints, the cost of warehouse capacity expansion may be substantial. Through suitable materials management policies and practices, however, it may be possible to postpone or eliminate the need for expansion in many cases. A thorough review of materials and inventory management practices prior to finalizing a decision on capacity expansion can pay off handsomely. This article presents a case study of an engineering company to illustrate the interaction between warehouse space requirements and materials management practices. In this case, the need for warehouse capacity expansion was eliminated through the use of a standardization and simplification program, the removal of dead and slow moving stock, the efficient utilization of storage space, and selected changes in inventory control and stocking policies. The article concludes with recommendations for organizations considering the possibility of warehouse capacity expansion.

ISSN:0022-4030    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-493X.1990.tb00502.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This article presents a unique heuristic model for purchased item lot‐sizing. The model subsequently is tested using 20 historically popular sample problems. The development of heuristic lot‐sizing models was initiated as a result of difficulties identified during evaluation of the multi‐level lot‐sizing problem encountered in using material requirements planning systems. The “technique for order placement and sizing” (TOPS) is based on the logic of the “incremental part‐period algorithm,” and incorporates four distinct phases. It compares incremental costs and benefits of revising an initial order release schedule by inserting new orders or shifting existing ones. Results of an experimental process exhibited single‐line optimal solutions for all test cases. Additionally, execution times were similar to much simpler but less accurate techniques than those of the optimizing Wagner‐Whitin routine.

ISSN:0022-4030    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-493X.1990.tb00503.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

PURCHASING AND MATERIALS MANAGEMENT,9th ed., by Michiel R. Leenders, Harold E. Fearon and Wilbur B. England, Richard D. Irwin, Inc., Homewood, Ill., 1989, 672 pages.

ISSN:0022-4030    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-493X.1990.tb00504.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

EDI AND AMERICAN LAW: A PRACTICAL GUIDE,by Benjamin Wright, TDCC: The Electronic Data Interchange Association, Alexandria, Virginia, 1989, 114 pages.

ISSN:0022-4030    

DOI:10.1111/j.1745-493X.1990.tb00505.x

出版商:Wiley    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY