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1. |
INTERACTIONS AMONG LABOR, GOODS, AND MONEY MARKETS |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 207-222
Stephen Enke,
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摘要:
SUMMARYThe analysis relates the labor market, capital market, and money market of an economy in aggregate terms. A feature is that the savings rate from non‐labor income is assumed different (higher) than that from labor income. Consequently, as total employment varies at different wage rates, and total output is redistributed between labor and non‐labor (capital), aggregate savings and investment vary. If the effectiveex antedemand for investment and consumption goods exceeds national output, prices rise, effective stock of money declines, interest rates rise, savings increase and demand for investment goods falls. Given human propensities to work, save, hoard, etc., it is shown that the prices on goods, money, and labor all relate in a particular way that should tend to equilibrium. (Assuming different savings rates on different factor incomes means that the traditional savings‐to‐income schedule is a non‐c
ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00806.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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2. |
ANALYSE MONETÄRER HYPOTHESEN DES SACHVERSTANDIGENRATES ZUR BEGUTACHTUNG DER GESAMTWIRT‐ SCHAFTLICHEN ENTWICKLUNG |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 223-239
Karl Brunner,
Manfred J. M. Neumann,
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摘要:
ZUSAMMENFASSUNGIn diesem Artikel werden die Ausführungen des Sachverständigenrats im Jahresgutachten 1970 zu monetären Problemen auf ihre analytische Fundierung hin untersucht. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Sachverständigen über kein einheitliches, analytisches Gesamtkonzept des monetaren Mechanismus verfügen. Statt dessen gründen sie ihre Aussagen zur Geldpolitik auf nicht miteinander zu vereinbarende Leitvorstellungen über die Rolle von Bankenliquidität and Kreditgewahrung. Auch die von den Sachverständigen vorgeschlagene «potentialorientierte Kreditpolitik», ein Kompositum unanalysierter Teilvorstellungen, kontrastiert bemerkenswert mit den im letzten Jahrzehnt zu verzeichnenden Fortschritten der Geldtheorie and ihrer Anwendbarkeit auf konkrete geldpolitische Fragen. Nach Ansicht der Autoren hat das Jahresgutachten 1970 daher nicht zu einer Klärung dieser Probleme
ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00807.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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3. |
SOME OPTIMAL ASPECTS IN A TWO CLASS GROWTH MODEL WITH A DIFFERENTIATED INTEREST RATE |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 240-256
Pietro Balestra,
Mauro Baranzini,
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摘要:
SUMMARYThis paper explores the consequences of the rejection of the hypothesis of the equality between the profit rate and the interest rate in a two class model of economic growth. With a differentiated interest rate, the well‐known (Pasinetti's) independence of the equilibrium profit rate with respect to the propensity to save of the workers is no longer valid. The general solution of the model for this case is given.Looking at optimal growth, the present paper develops two distinct arguments. First, in a traditional manner, the conditions under which there exists an interest rate which maximizesper capitaconsumption are established. Second, in a more original way, the usual criterion of optimal growth is replaced by the criterion of maximum workers' consumption, a not unreasonable criterion in a two‐class economy. The maximizing conditions for this case are deri
ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00808.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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4. |
THE TWO‐SECTOR GROWTH MODEL WITH A FIXED‐COEFFICIENT TECHNOLOGY |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 257-280
Alfred Ocker,
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摘要:
SUMMARYThe paper is concerned with the conditions for existence and stability of the steady‐state growth path in a two‐sector model with fixed factor coefficients, and their correspondence to the respective conditions for the usual neoclassical model so well scrutinized. The analysis displays the strong resemblance of these conditions in both models. Especially, a sufficient condition for local stability in the neoclassical model comes out as the necessary condition for global stability in this model. And once more the capital‐intensity hypothesis is of crucial importance. Of course, the conditions referring to substitution possibilities must be abandoned, but otherwise, as in the neoclassical framework, if only the capital‐intensity condition is satisfied, the conditions ensuring the uniqueness of the momentary equilibrium, also suffice for the global stability of the ensuing steady‐state path. The analysis gives reasons for this coincidence by explicating the relation‐ships which render
ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00809.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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5. |
POLITIQUES ANTI‐POLLUTION OPTIMALES EN PRESENCE D'INCERTITUDE |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 281-304
Serge‐Christophe Kolm,
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摘要:
RÉSUMÉL'explosion d'intérêt pour les questions d'environnement et de pollution a suscité diverses propositions de politiques: règlementations, taxations, ventes de droits à polluer; et bien d'autres peuvent être imaginées. Une analyse sérieuse du probléme fait vice apparaître qu'aucune d'elles n'est la meilleure dans tous les cas mais que chacune d'elles est la meilleure dans certains cas. Le choix entre tines, et pour chacune d'elle celui des paramètres optimaux, font intervenir plusieurs critères. L'un d'eux est la question de connaissance, incertitude ou ignorance sur les coots sociaux de pollution et sur la valeur de la possibilité de polluer pour les pollueurs. Le sujet de cet article est l'influence de ce problème sur ce choix. On remarque d'abord que si le coût social est connu, une taxation à ce coût résoud le problème, et que si la valeur de la possibilité de polluer cst connue, toutes les politiques sont équivalentes. Le problème est ensuite posé sous sa forme la plus générale. Les éléments incertains sont lesfonctionsde coût social et d'utilité de la possibilité de polluer, en fonction du niveau de pollution. On suppose que cette incertitude est probabilisable et le critère retenu est la minimisation de l'espérance mathématique de la perte de surplus.Tous les cas qui donnent des résultats remarquablessont alors exposés. Dans certains, it y a une contraintea priorisur les politiques (niveau de pollution à choisir, taxe à taux constant, etc.), et dans d'autres pas. Dans certains, les coûts, ou valeurs monétaires, marginales sont linéaires à pente connue (ce qui contient les cas où ils sont constants, bien qu'à niveau inconnu). Dans certains, les deux fonctions aléatoires sont indépendantes, et dans d'autres cette hypothèse n'est pas nécessaire. Il semble que les divers théorèmes obte
ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00810.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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6. |
MAXIMUM OUTPUT OR MAXIMUM WELFARE? MORE ON THE OFF‐PEAK PRICING PROBLEM |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 305-330
William Vickrey,
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摘要:
SUMMARYMaximum aggregate output as a criterion for setting prices in situations where fixed capacity and fluctuating demand are involved can be seriously misleading, even though under some circumstances it can lead to results identical with those produced by marginal cost pricing. Even where there are budget constraints that preclude setting prices equal to marginal cost, optimal results can be obtained by equalizing the marginal cost of net revenues in the various submarkets, defined as the ratio of the excess of price over marginal cost to the excess of marginal cost over marginal revenue. This is equivalent to achieving a current state in which output in each category is a constant fraction of the output that would be sold if price were set equal to the current marginal cost and the demand curve were projected as the tangent to the actual demand curve at the current point. Where possible, subsidies or taxes should be adjusted to equalize the marginal cost of net revenues of different enterprises with the marginal cost of public funds secured by general taxation. Where equipment life depends on use, marginal cost under efficient equipment husbandry will vary as between differing degrees of underutilization of capacity in ways not corresponding to simple accounting procedures. Where prices cannot be varied freely, optimization must consider queing or load‐shedding costs, and economies or diseconomies of scale can arise from the demand rather than the production side, calling for corresponding subsidies or taxe
ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00811.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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7. |
BEMERKUNGEN ZU WEINTRAUBS PEAK‐OFF‐PEAK‐PREISBILDUNGSPRINZIP |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 331-338
Helmut Schweikert,
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ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00812.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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8. |
A NOTE ON THE FACTOR PROPORTIONS THEORY IN THE N‐FACTOR CASE |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 339-343
Y. Horiba,
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ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00813.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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9. |
REJOINDER, CLARIFICATION AND FURTHER EXTENSION |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 344-345
Jaroslav Vanek,
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ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00814.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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10. |
THE PHILLIPS CURVE FOR WEST GERMANY |
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Kyklos,
Volume 24,
Issue 2,
1971,
Page 346-349
Rajindar K. Koshal,
Lowell E. Gallaway,
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ISSN:0023-5962
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1971.tb00815.x
出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd
年代:1971
数据来源: WILEY
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