摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper develops a conceptual framework for the systematic analysis of inter‐community spillovers and their implications for local expenditure‐investment decisions. Spillovers are distinguished on the basis of the effects they have upon the rate of exchange between current goods for private consumption and publicly provided goods. The mechanisms of spillovers—economic interaction, fiscal inter‐dependence, and migration—and the concept of community are examined in this context. A diagrammatic analysis is used to demonstrate the influence of spill‐overs on the decision making unit's allocation of resources. Methodological issues and problems involved in estimating spillover magnitudes are presented. A case study provides numerical counterparts for the theoretical quantities of the analysis. While emphasis is on publicly provided education in the United States, the framework and methodology should be applicable to other local governments and the

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00925.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe study of economic history attempts to reveal the causes of the growing international economic disparity and to identify the strategic factors of economic change. The historical inductive method, analysed economic history in terms of stages of growth.The underlying idea of the concept of stages, found in List, Marx, the German historicists, and revived in a modern form by Rostow, is that every society passes several phases of economic growth, from infancy or primitive stage to maturity or highly industrialised society. However, the essence of stages in different concepts was not uniform, neither was the indispensability of each and everyone of the stages uncontested. Weber, in particular, opposed the monistic approach, and suggested the concept of ‘ideal types’ from which realities are necessary deviations.Marx'scontribution to modern growth theory lies in his dynamising of the classical theory through his expanded reproduction function, envisaging both capital and labour, and their qualities, as the strategic factor of growth, rendering possible both a highly industrialised and an equalitarian society, while List'smodel can be considered the origin of A. G. B. Fisher'sand C. Clark'sprimary, secondary and tertiary sectors. Even in Schumpeter, stages and periodisation of growth can be easily traced, although they are chiefly explained in terms of technology, entrepreneurship and business cycles.Among the modern growth theorists, mainly Rostowrevived the concept of stages and the notion of a ‘threshold’ rate of investment as the strategic factor of expanded reproduction and development, while W. G. Hoffmannwith his shift from consumer‐ to capital‐goods industries again calls to life Marxian transition as well as the three‐sectors concept. Like his predecessors, Listwith industrialisation and Marxwith the capitalist stage, also Rostowis mainly preoccupied with one particular, ‘take‐off’ stage. Despite its flaws, Rostow'sconcept has become a useful tool of historical and positive analysis as well as a framework for normative models fervently looking for strategic factors of change, and some lessons of economic history. It also brought to the fore the rather paradoxical recent development in the economic camp, with ‘new economic historians’ employing purely quantitative methods of research, and growth theorists looking for help (and desirable quantification) to qualitative variables to explain past and present growth trends and to shape

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00926.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper provides a brief chronological summary of the main texts concerning education of leading economists from AdamSmithto Pigou. It shows that the classical economists have clearly and almost unanimously recognized education as (1) an investment in human beings; (2) a consumer durablepar excellence; (3) a political good in that it preserves law and order; (4) a social good in that it contributes to the diminution of crimes and enhances social mobility; (5) a factor making for more equal income distribution; (6) a source of economic growth; (7) an item carrying large externalities of various kinds; (8) a peculiar commodity bought and sold in a peculiar market; (9) an item liable to be under‐invested by private individuals; and (10) an area calling for State intervention.In fact, qualitatively they said everything that is to be said about the economics of education. But they left it to their successors to tackle the quantitative aspects when more statistics and refined methods of statistical analysis become availabl

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00927.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe German author HeinrichLudwigLambertGall(1794‐1863) who is characterized as socialist by the authors of histories of economic thought proposed a policy for full employment, based on the multiplier‐principle and public expenditures financed by taxes, since 1822. Not Rodbertusbut Gallwas the first one describing the multiplier scheme. The interpretation of Gall'spublications shows his important ideas about interventionism similar to the modern theory of full employment and the activity of the st

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00928.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper reviews the methods and findings of several studies that have been undertaken recently to estimate the interest sensitivity of short‐term capital movements. The paper concentrates on the studies of PhilipBell, PeterKenen, and JeromeStein, with references to studies by BenjaminCohenand RobertGemmill.From the standpoint of balance‐of‐payments policy, the question of the interest elasticity of short‐term capital movements takes on considerable importance. However, the studies conducted thus far do not give a clear‐cut answer to this question. Bellfinds that, in general, interest rates have only a minor effect on capital flows, whereas Kenenfinds them to be highly significant. Stein'swork points out drawbacks to the Belland Kenenstudies and proposes

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00929.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn recent years a number of investigators have suggested that many economic time series exhibit significant long‐run variations about an upward trend as well as short‐run business fluctuations. However, several recent studies in which spectrum‐analytic techniques have been employed reach negative conclusions with respect to the significance of long swings in economic activity. This paper is concerned with some of the basic problems associated with the use of spectrum estimates to test the significance of low‐frequency variation in economic time series. An examination of the problem of low‐frequency resolution, inadequate trend removal, low‐frequency bias due to least‐squares trend elimination, and the variance of low‐frequency estimates leads to a qualification of some of the earlier spectrum‐analytic results. This study suggests that while there is some evidence of long swings in economic activity, the problems inherent in the analysis of low‐frequency variation make it extremely difficult to ascertain the statistical signifiance o

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00930.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00931.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00932.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00933.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Allen, G. C. :Monopoly and Restrictive Practices. London 1968. George Allen and Unwin. 183 pp. 36 s.Blaug, Mark:Economic Theory in Retrospect. (Revised Edition.) Homewood, Illinois 1968. Richard D. Irwin. XXIV, 710 pp. $9.50Claassen, E. MMonnaie, Revenu National et Prix. (Ouvrage publié avec le concours du CNRS.) Paris 1968. Dunod. 216 p. Fr. 38.‐Dhar, P. N., and Sastry, D. U. :Demand for Energy in North‐West India. London 1967. Asia Publishing House. 135 pp.Due, JohnF., and Clower, RobertWIntermediate Economic Analysis ‐ Resource Allocation, Factor Pricing and Welfare. Fifth Edition. Homewood, Ill. 1966. Richard D. Irwin. 481 pp. $ 8.‐Engelsing, Rolf:Kleine Wirtschafts‐ und Sozialgeschickte Deutschlands. Hannover 1968. Verlag für Literatur und Zeitgeschehen. 156 S.Etienne, Gilbert:Studies in Indian Agriculture: The Art of the Possible. Berkeley and Los Angeles 1968. University of California Press. XII, 343 pp.Finger, Gottfried:Das Wachstum von Unternehmen ‐ Mit einem Beispiel aus der Automobilindustrie. (Kieler Studien, Nr. 88.) Tübingen 1968. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). VI, 1555 S. DM 30.‐Hagemann, GÜnter:Aufkommenselastizitäten ausgewählter Steuern in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland 1950‐1963. (Kieler Studien, Nr. 85.) Tübingen 1968. J. G. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). 207 S. DM 40.‐Hartmann, Heinz(Hrsg.):Moderne amerikanische Soziologie. Neuere Beiträge zur soziologischen Theorie. Stuttgart 1967. Ferdinand Enke. X, 418 S. DM 28.50Hirsch, See:Location of Industry and International Competitiveness. Oxford 1967. Clarendon Press. 137 pp. 35s.Horowitz, D. (Hrsg.):Marx and Modern Economics. London 1968. Mac Gibbon and Klee. 380 S. 50 s.HÜfner, Willi(Hrsg.):Die Statistik im Dienste der Wirtschaftspolitik. Festschrift für GerhardFÜrstzu seinem 70. Geburtstag. (Allgemeines Statistisches Archiv, 2/3, 1967.) Göttingen 1967. Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht. IX, 290 S.Jaeger, Gerd:Entwicklung der sekundären Finanzierungsinstitute in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland und ihre Bedeutung für die Zentralbankpolitik. (Forschungsberichte des Instituts für Weltwirtschaft an der Universität Kiel, Bd. 89.) Tübingen 1968. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). VII, 218 S. DM 40.‐Kirschen, E. S., Benard, J., Besters, H., Blackaby, F., Eckstein, O., Faaland, J., Hartog, F., Morissens, L., und Tosco, E. :International vergleichende Wirtschaftspolitik. Berlin 1967. Duncker und Humblot. XXI, 518 S., 90 Tabellen. DM 66.‐Kleinewefers, H. :Theorie und Politik der Abwertung. (Veröffentlichungen der List Gesellschaft e. V., Band 58.) Basel und Tübingen 1969. Kyklos‐Verlag, J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). 137 S., 6 Abb. DM 22.50Krelle, Wilhelm, Schunck, Johann, und Siebke, JÜrgen:Überbetriebliche Ertragsbeteiligung der Arbeitnehmer. Band I und II. Tübingen 1968. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). XV, 506 S. DM 58.‐Krier, Henri, et LeBourva, Jacques:Economie Politique. Tome 1. Paris 1968. Armand Colin. 663 p.Lange, Oskar: Einführung in die Ökonometrie. Tübingen 1968. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). 304 S.Leach, RichardH. (Ed.):Contemporary Canada. Durham, N. C. 1967. Duke University Press. X, 328 pp. $ 10.‐Lipfert, Helmut:Einführung in die Wähmngspolitik. 4. neubearbeitete Auflage. München 1969. Verlag C. H. Beck. XI, 326 S.Maizels, Alfred, assisted by Campbell‐Boross, L. F., and Rayment, P. B. W. :Exports and Economic Growth of Developing Countries. A theoretical and empirical study of the relationships between exports and economic growth, with illustrative projections for 1975 for the main overseas Sterling countries. (Economic and Social Series of the National Institute of Economic and Social Research.) Cambridge 1968. Cambridge University Press. XIX, 443 pp. 60s.Montias, JohnMichael:Economic Development in Communist Rumania. Cambridge, Mass., and London 1967. The M. I. T. Press. XI, 327 pp. 120s.Moore, BasilJ. :An Introduction to the Theory of Finance—Assetholder Behavior Under Uncertainty. New York, London 1968. The Free Press, Collier‐MacMillan. VIII, 299 pp. 28s.Mundell, RobertA. :International Economics. New York 1968. The MacMillan Company. 332 pp. $9.95OECD: Development Assistance: Efforts and Policies of the Members of the Development Assistance Committee: 1968 Report. Paris 1968. 278 pp. sFr. 24.‐OECD:Manpower and Social Policy in the Netherlands. (OECD Reviews of Manpower and Social Policies, Nr. 6.) Paris 1967. 301 pp. DM 15.80Penrose, EdithT. :The Large International Firm in Developing Countries: The International Petroleum Industry. London 1968. George Allen and Unwin. 311 pp. 48 s.Pfeffer, KarlHeinz:Die Entwicklungsländer in soziologischer Sicht ‐Soziologische Aspekte der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Hamburg 1967. Hoffman und Campe. 115 S.Plate, Roderich:Agrarmarktpolitik. Band I: Grundlagen. München 1968. Bayerischer Landwirtschaftsverlag. XIV, 213 S.Schultze, CharlesL. :The Politics and Economics of Public Spending. (Brookings Research Report 95.) Washington 1969. The Brookings Institution. VIII, 143 pp. $4.95Shackle, G. L. S. :The Years of High Theory: Invention and Tradition in Economic Thought 1926‐39. Cambridge 1967. Cambridge University Press. 328 pp. 45s.JohnE. LaTouretteSiebert, Horst:Zur Theorie des regionalen Wirtschaftswachstums. Tübingen 1967. J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). XI, 182 S. DM 36.50Stigum, BerntP., and Stigum, MarciaL. :Economics. Reading, Mass., London 1968. Addison‐Wesley Publishing Company. XXI, 793 pp. 61s.StrÖsslin, Werner:Friedrich Lists Lehre von der wirtschaftlichen Entwicklung. Zur Geschichte von Entwicklungstheorie und ‐politik. (Veröffentlichungen der List Gesellschaft, Band 56.) Basel und Tübingen 1968. Kyklos‐Verlag, J. C. B. Mohr (Paul Siebeck). VIII, 102 S. DM 16.‐Vasudevan, A. :Deficit Financing, Controls and Movements of Prices in India Since 1947. Bombay 1967. Allied Publishers Private Ltd. 239 pp. Rs. 16.‐Youngson, A. J. :Britain's Economic Growth, 1920‐66. London 1967. George Allen and Unwin. 306 pp. 35s.Neue Industriezentren an der weltwirtschaftl

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1969.tb00934.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1969

数据来源: WILEY