摘要:

SUMMARYThe authors try to analyse the phenomenon of the international connection of business cycles of countries and industries between 13 grand OEGD countries and 5 important industries during the period from 1960‐1975, whether and how thestrengthand thestructureof interdependence have changed and whether there can be observed a systematical influence of the formation of zones of integration, EEC and EFTA, on the connection of business cycles. The study is based on principal component analysis and transformation analysis. The results are conducive to an increase of connection of business cycles between all countries concerned. Regarding the structure of international interdependence there is demonstrated that the process of integration has now passed beyond the border of the former EEC and EFTA and included all important industrial countries. The authors conclude that an international convention of economic policy — in order to be successful — cannot be restricted to the European Community only but would have to integrate all important industrial coun

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis article uses ordinary least squares to estimate the trade effects of the Latin American Free Trade Association (LAFTA). Estimates are made for total LAFTA and for each member country. The basic models use income, foreign exchange and a proxy for economic integration. The findings indicate that economic integration promoted an expansion of intra‐LAFTA trade for all member countries. And most of the increased intra‐LAFTA trade was diverted from third countries. The findings also confirm the importance of the foreign exchange constraint for the trade of developing countries. An analysis of the reciprocity of concessions indicates that the effective concessions which Argentina received were less than those it granted to other LAFTA members. More pronounced were the similar findings for Chile and Colombia. In contrast, the ‘favored’, less developed LAFTA members (Ecuador, Paraguay, and Uruguay) received concessions worth many times the value of the concessions which they

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe real rate of return on international financial assets has been low during the period 1952‐1974, the yields of gold and dollars switched dramatically vis‐a‐vis one other in 1968, and the present formula used by the IMF to compute the return on SDRs produced a real rate of return below that available on national currencies over the twenty‐three year period. The low and sometime negative real return on international financial assets suggests that nations value the liquidity services highly and draws further attention to the controversy over the reason for their low yield. The switch in the yields of dollars and gold supplements our understanding of the collapse of the gold exchange standard in 1971. The poor performance of SDRs relative to other stores of international liquidity suggests that the formula for computing the return to SDRs must be revised if they are to play a significant role in the

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe paper analyzes the trade‐off between environmental quality and the gains from trade. For a world with pollutants as a joint product of output it is shown that gains from trade by exporting a pollution‐intensively produced commodity are accompanied by a loss of environmental quality and that improving environmental quality will adversely affect the gains from trade. The paper analyzes with a two sector model which adjustment processes occur, if a country untertakes environmental policy. The results are explained diagrammatically. A condition is specified for a positive change in welfare from environmental policy taking into consideration the reduction in the gains from trade. Finally, the paper suggests that in an open economy emission taxes have to be set according to the same rule as in a closed economy, namely in the optimum the emission tax must equal marginal environmental damage preven

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYA Kaleckian explanation of price determination under conditions of monopoly power is developed in the context of Sraffa's fixed capital system. Income distribution depends on firms’ ability to mark up prices above unit variable costs. Assuming that firms attempt to maximise their rates of growth, the effect of short‐run increases in monopoly power is a fall in real wages accompanied either by increased advertising expenditures or a reduced level of plant utilisation. A possible cause of such changes is variation in the bargaining power of labour uni

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02695.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper empirically investigates the hypothesis that the relationship between migration and welfare runs both ways, that is, welfare both influences and is influenced by welfare levels. The analysis deals with Dutch municipalities and United States cities over the 1960‐1970 period. The findings support the hypothesis in both case

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02696.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02697.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02698.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02699.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1977.tb02700.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY