摘要:

SUMMARYAt the theoretical level the development of a useful theory of oligopoly depends upon the ability to translate industrial power structure into quantitative form with sufficient mathematical uniqueness to permit incorporation into functions. More practically, understanding the decision processes of the OPEC cartel benefits greatly from an isolation of the pairwise power relations among its members. This paper develops a general technique for the measurement of the combination of rivalry and cooperation that characterizes the relations of oligopolistic industries, and applies it to the derivation of power measures for 11 members of OPEC taken pairwise. It hopes thereby to capture both general and market relationships that underlie the power each member has in decision making for the cartel. In future work these factors will be incorporated in a nonlinear programming model of the pricing policies of the cartel.

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb01141.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYNotwithstanding its importance, the topic of industrial organization has often been neglected in the professional literature on economic development. This paper analyzes some of the effects of the extreme market power which prevails in many activities within the industrial sector of the developing countries. The paper also discusses the possibilities open to public policy for correcting this situation and its far‐reaching distortion

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb01142.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYStarting with Akerlof'sargument that markets deteriorate in quality, price and quantity if there is asymetric information between buyer and seller the paper deals with market institutions which may explain obviously existing market transactions in many markets with high product uncertainty. After short reference to the existing signaling‐literature much attention is given to product differentiation and brand names as implicit market signals. Consumer uncertainty is characterized within the distinction betweensearch‐, experience‐ and credence‐qualities. A simplified model shows that market structure may be an implicit market signal for goods with uncertainty in experience‐qualities. This is the basis for some preliminary hypothesis relating product uncertainty and market

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb01143.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYComparative advantage theory, as specified in the Heckscher‐Ohlinmodel, holds that nations export those commodities which intensively embody their relatively abundant factors of production. Factor endowment dictates world trade patterns in the general equilibrium models of international trade. The dynamic models of international trade, such as the product life cycle model, emphasize the role of innovation in determining trade patterns. Factor endowment also plays a role in these models. In particular, a wide body of literature ties innovative activity to relative factor cost levels. If innovators are responsive to relative factor costs, innovative activity may be directed towards those sectors with heaviest usage of the most expensive factors of production in an economy. If such innovation results in exports, trade patterns emerge which directly conflict with Heckscher‐Ohlinexpectations. The results of this study suggest that innovative activity tends to be concentrated in industries which intensively use a nation's relatively expensive factors of production. This finding holds an alternative explanation for the Leontiefparadox, and suggests a wider role for factor endowment in international trade the

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb01144.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMarcelLabordèrewas a little known French economist who died, aged 77, in 1946. He was regarded as an eccentric, a self‐educated economist, whose major contact with the economics profession seems to have been through J. M. Keynesand D. H. Robertson. In 1908 he put forward an over‐investment theory of the trade cycle; in this the crisis results from a shortage of real saving. The amount of saving in the economy which is available for investment is determined by the accumulated stock of consumer goods. If production is to shift to capital goods, away from consumer goods, the economy must have a stock of consumer goods (real saving) to utilise whilst this shift in production is taking place. The crisis arises where the stock of consumer goods is insufficient to support the amount of investment undertaken in the boom; that is, it is caused by a disproportionate amount of capital goods being produced relative to consumer goods. Although worked out in isolation from A. Spiethoff'stheory of crisis, it is somewhat similar to it, but it contrasts with the over‐investment theories associated with M. Tugan‐Baranowskiand A. Aftalion. Labordère'swork had a major influence upon D. H. Robertsonin his writing of ‘A Study of Industrial Fluctuation’ (1915), one of the foremost British contributions to trade

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb01145.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb01146.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

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ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb01147.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb01148.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1979.tb01149.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY