摘要:

SUMMARYThe ‘truth’ in autobiography depends on the observable historical record of a person's life. The less attractive the observed life, the more ‘truthful’ is the autobiography. This result does not require differential standards of honesty among autobiographers. It does depend on the presupposition that there exists a common value scale along which lives may be judged, and upon the common directional bias toward the ‘good’ in all au

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1986.tb00675.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYInstead of a relapse into the depression of the 30's, as the stagnationists had foreseen, the end of the war marked the beginning of a quarter of a century of unprecedented growth. The saturation thesis, based on a misperception of human wants, turned out to be wrong, and with innovations and an opening of markets, the apprehended technological and spatial limits to growth were overcome. However, the extraordinary post‐war growth eventually met with supply side bottlenecks: excessive wage increases, higher energy and environmental costs, and an inflation‐induced waste of capital led to a relative stagnation in the 70's. The growth poles USA and East Asia have extricated themselves more quickly from this stagnation than Europe which suffers from more rigidities and still lacks sufficient downward flexibility of real wages. To revitalize its economy, Europe has to free its markets from state regulations and make them more accessible to domestic and international competition. With a swift trade liberalization, Europe ‐ and the world ‐ could tap a large source of productivity growth. Admittedly, this would go along with a process of creative destruction. In order to facilitate the import‐induced decline of old industries, free activity zones should be established in the affecte

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1986.tb00676.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYMost people except professional academic economists resist or reject the use of the price system. The four main reasons are lack of information, undesirable distributional consequences, unfairness and reluctance to trade, and adverse effects on preferences. The reasons brought forward against the price system are only partly convincing, particularly in comparison to other decision‐making systems. The use of the price system may create more problems than traditional neoclassical economics admits. The difficulties and paradoxes connected with the use of the price system provide a challenge to existing economic theor

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1986.tb00677.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYPeople often seem to gain present satisfaction from contemplating a favourable future. This paper examines the implications of such behaviour for expectations formation. Formally, satisfaction is said to be derived from ‘contemplation’ whenever ex post utility depends on expectations independently of their bearing on ex ante actions. Contemplation is shown to be necessary and sufficient for informationally biased forecasting in a model of the intertemporal consumption decision. Thus the MUTH‐rationality of expectations requires restrictions on the (derived) preference ordering over expectations and realizations which preclude contemplation. Bias tests of surveyed expectations are given a choice‐theoretic interpr

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1986.tb00678.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

ZUSAMMENFASSUNGZielsetzung des Artikels ist es, aufzuzeigen, dass viele Verhaltensweisen in Genossenschaften, die als genossenschaftsspezifisch gekennzeichnet und mit dem Schlagwort «homo cooperativus» umschrieben werden, durchaus mit dem Modell des «homo oeconomicus» vereinbar sind. Dazu werden die Präferenzen, die Handlungsrestriktionen sowie die Entscheidungsmaxime eines Genossenschaftsmitglieds analysiert. Es wird nachgewiesen, dass kooperative Verhaltensweisen durchaus rational sein können, da Genossenschaften Organisationen auf Dauer sind, in denen sich besondere Enwartungsstrukturen herausbilden. Durch reziprokes Verhalten, das auf der Erwartung aufbaut, dass Vorleistungen von anderen Mitgliedern später honoriert werden, kann sich ein Gefühl der Solidarität in Genossenschaften etablieren, das die Genossenschaft stabilisiert und Aussenseiterverhalten diskr

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1986.tb00679.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1986.tb00680.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this ArticleAMEMIYA, TAKESHI:Advanced EconometricsAUGUSTINOVICS, MÁRIA (ed.):Long‐Term Models at WorkBIENE, PETER:Die Theorie der optimalen Besteuerung unter wohlfahrtsökonomischen AspektenBÖS, DIETER:Public Enterprise EconomicsEGNER, ERICH:Der Verlust der alten ÖkonomikELTIS, WALTER:The Classical Theory of Economic GrowthFERNANDEZ, RONALD,Excess Profits: The Rise of United TechnologiesGIERSCH, HERBERT und SCHMIDT, HARTMUT:Offene Märkte für Beteiligungskapital: USA ‐ Grossbritunnien ‐ Bundesrepublik DeutschlundDE GIJSEL, PETER und SEIFERT‐VOGT, HANS‐GÜNTHER (Hrsg.):Schattenwirtschaft und alternative ÖkonomieGWYNNE, ROBERT N.:Industrialisation and Urbanisation in Latin AmericaHOLLANDER, SAMUEL:The Economics of John Stuart MillKINDLEBERGER, CHARLES P.:Multinational ExcursionsLABYS, WALTER C. and POLLAK, PETER K.:Commodity Models for Forecasting and Policy AnalysisLAFEBER, WALTER:Inevitable Revolutions: The United States in Central AmericaLANGLOIS, RICHARD N. (ed.):Economics as a ProcessMALINVAUD, EDMOND:Mass UnemploymentMÜLLER, DENNIS C.:The Modern CorporationRUNGE, HARRY:Haushaltsfinanzierung durch NotendruckWAGENER, HANS‐JÜRGEN and DRUKKER, JAN W. (eds.):The Economic Law of Motion of Modern SocietyWALKER, DONALD A. (

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1986.tb00681.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1986.tb00682.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY