摘要:

SUMMARYThis paper shows that the recent work introducing the strategic dimension into the analysis of international trade allows a fruitful enlargement of the traditional approach. The first section highlights certain aspects of international strategic relations, including the role played by the public authorities. The second applies this approach to private and public collusive strategies in international trade. Finally the third section introduces the elements of a theory of strategic foreign direct investment in the European context. The conclusion underlines that the central message of the strategic approach is not a support to more activist trade policies but the need for international credible rules and coordination that prevent unilateral strategies leading to ruinous industrial policy and mutually destructive trade wars.

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYThe political economy of protection attributes the erection of trade barriers to interest group activities, preferences of the electorates and nationalist ideologies on part of the politicians. The respective empirical models, which have already been confirmed for a number of industrialized countries, are also applicable for developing and newly industrializing countries. However, as the survey of empirical studies on these countries shows, the explanatory power of these models is quite low. For this reason, this paper develops an extended interest‐group approach, which also includes suppliers and purchasers which might form an opposition against the increasing protection. The empirical evidence for the case of Brazil shows that this extended interest group model substantially improves the results of the estimation

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYSix years after the explosion of the LDCs’ debt crisis, little has been achieved in trying to solve this problem. So far the international financial community and the indebted LDCs have managed to ‘muddle through’ by means of debt reschedulings, debt forgiveness, IMF‐sponsored adjustment programs, and the invention of new financial instruments. Among the latter, prominent relevance has been recently gained bydebt‐equity swaps. This paper deals with what debt‐equity swaps are, how they work, the main participants in the market where debt‐equity swaps are carried out, and how the price for LDC debt is determined in this market. Our findings are that the price is indeed determined by market forces (andnotby psychological factors, as it is often implied in the press), thus creating a new set of policy options to pursue the use of debt‐equity swaps for reducing the LDCs’ external debt. Despite some drawbacks of this device, that are highlighted in the paper, our main conclusion is that debt‐equity swaps may represent a useful tool for “buying time” while waiting for both the LDCs and the developed countries to undertake policies aimed at the easing of the foreign

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYWe examine the economic, political and cultural determinants of urban concentration in developing countries using a sample of 53 countries. We find that as countries develop, urban concentration, measured as the largest city's share of the population, at first increases and then decreases. We also find that foreign investment influences concentration in a similar way since foreign investors tend to locate in the main city at low levels of development but are willing to locate outside the center in more developed countries. Political and cultural factors such as lack of democracy, government instability and religiously and ethically homogeneous populations all contribute to high levels of urban concentration. For many developing countries these non‐economic factors have led to primate cities whose size far exceeds what would be justified by economic consideration

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SUMMARYIn the paper several reasons will be investigated why there is only partial deregulation in Germany and extensive deregulation in the U. S. Purely economic reasons such as economies of scale are shown to be of little help for understanding telecommunications policy in Germany as compared to the U. S. As an alternative, a politico‐economic approach is presented. It is shown that institutional differences can help to understand the differences in deregulatory policy. In Germany, decisions on telecommunications deregulation are centralized on the federal level, whereas they are distributed on the federalandstate level in the U. S. As consequence, a different interest group representation is prevailing in each country promoting deregulation in the U. S. and impeding deregulation in Germany. It is shown that the obstacles to deregulation in Germany might be overcome through an explicit compensation scheme embodying an entry tax on the one hand a price subsidy on the othe

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Arrow, KennethJ. and Boskin, MichaelJ. (eds.):The Economics of Public Debt.Baxter, J. L.:Social and Psychological Foundations of Economic Analysis.Bell, DavidE.; Raiffa, Howardand Tversky, Amos(eds.),Decision making.Dawes, RobynM.:Rational Choice in an Uncertain World.DeJong, H. W. (ed.):The Structure of European IndustryEtzioni, Amitai:The Moral Dimension. Toward a New Economics.Giavazzi, Francesco; Micossi, Stefanoand Miller, Marcus(eds.):The European Monetary System.Hitiris, T.:European Community Economics.Hogarth, RobinM. and Reder, MelvinW. (eds.):Rational Choice.Keuth, Herbert:Wissenschaft und Werturteil.Kramer, Rolf:Sozialer Konflikt und christliche Ethik.Nowotny, Ewald(unter Mitarbeit von ChristianScheerund HerbertWalther) :Der öffentliche Sektor.Soltwedel, RÜdiger; Busch, Axel; Gross, Alexander; Laaser, ClausF.:Deregulierungspotentiale in der Bundesrepublik. TÜbingenSwann, DennisTake, Michael:Die Arbeitnehmer‐Fonds in Schweden.Tichy, Gunther:Konjunkturpolitik: quantitative Stabilisierungspolitik bei Unsicherheit.Tobin, James:Policies for Prosperity.VanDamme, Eric:Stability and Perfection of Nash EquilibriaVanRaaij, FredW.; VanVeldhoven, GeorgM. and WÄrneryd, Karl‐Erik(eds.),Handbook of Economic Psychology.Wolf, Charles:Markets or Governments. Choosing Between Imperfect AlternativesZerche, JÜrgen:Das Gesundheitssicherungssystem der Bundesrepublik De

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01279.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0023-5962    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-6435.1989.tb01280.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY