摘要:

AbstractCementum, a bone‐like tissue that surrounds the roots of teeth, anchoring them to the periodontal ligament, is useful for determining the age at and season of death of mammals, an issue of concern for both archaeologists and biologists. When a tooth is sectioned and examined microscopically, cementum appears in bands that differ in their optical properties and are well correlated with seasonal growth. Because it is a continually deposited tissue that is rarely modified or resorbed, cementum records the history of a variety of seasonal factors that affect its growth. An understanding of the biological nature of cementum is crucial to the identification of these factors and interpretation of the resulting incremental structure. This paper outlines current knowledge of the development, histology and function of cementum in the context of the mammalian masticatory apparatus. Of the various types of cementum, acellular cementum is often more appropriate for seasonal correlations. Differences betweenacellularcementum increments are probably related to specific dietary factors that often vary between seasons.Cellularcementum increments probably result from phasic cementogenesis triggered by tooth eruption. This paper outlines a study of cementum bands inGazella gazellafor which there is an excellent correlation between the season of death and incremental structures in their cementum. This correlation can be used to estimate the season of death of gazelles from archaeological sites in the Levant. Problems for future research are outline

ISSN:0305-1838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDomestication involves both culture and biology. The cultural process of domestication begins when animals are incorporated into the social structure of a human community and become objects of ownership, inheritance, purchase and exchange. The morphological changes that occur in domestic animals come second to this integration into human society. The biological process resembles evolution and begins when a small number of parent animals are separated from the wild species and are habituated to humans. These animals form a founder group, which is changed over successive generations, in response to natural selection under the new regime imposed by the human community and its environment, and also by artificial selection for economic, cultural, or aesthetic reasons. In the wild, the evolution of a subspecies occurs when a segment of a species becomes reproductively isolated by a geographical barrier. With domestic animals, this separation leads to the development of different breeds.

ISSN:0305-1838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents the main results of a 10‐year zooarchaeological study on the origin of the present‐day terrestrial mammals of Corsica. Thousands of teeth and bones from Corsican archaeological sites comprise an almost complete succession from the end of the Pleistocene (c.10,000 years BP) to the present. Human activities brought about the extinction of the entire autochthonous mammalian fauna and the gradual introduction of more than 25 taxa which constitute the present wild and domestic fauna. Such a complete turnover has also been recorded on other large Mediterranean islands and on some of the smaller ones. Preliminary data indicate how these events may have occurred in Corsica. This article emphasizes the important role which zooarchaeology can play in biogeographical resea

ISSN:0305-1838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00124.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00125.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHumans and other vertebrates interact in a variety of relationships which are inadequately described by a simple division of these other animals into wild, feral, tame, and domestic taxa. Discussion of the process and semantic meaning of domestication has largely taken place in the context of the adoption of settled agriculture, but is equally relevant to complex urban societies. Certain species adopted a synanthropic relationship in the first ‘villages’ of the early Holocene, and co‐existence with pets has a similar antiquity. The nature of the relationship between people and their pets is complex, and scarcely amenable to archaeological investigation, as part of the mutual benefit has an emotional basis, or centres on the symbolic role of certain species within different societies. The status of Cats in medieval towns in Britain and Ireland is a case in point, with opinions varying from the exploitation of Cats for skins, through neglected feral living, to a pet status much as today. The truth probably subsumes all three interpretations. Rats seem to have adapted to commensalism in northern Europe more slowly than Mice, and there may be evidence that Rats were more vulnerable to changes in habitat. Archaeology can usefully examine the community ecology of Roman and medieval towns, but any such research must move away from simple concepts of wild or domestic s

ISSN:0305-1838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00126.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0305-1838    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2907.1992.tb00127.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY