摘要:

Serum tinidazole concentrations were monitored in five clinically healthy adult horses after intravenous (i.v.) and oral administration of the drug (15 mg/kg and 25 mg/kg, respectively). After i.v. administration, the mean residence time was 7.0 h, the elimination half‐life 5.2 h and the body clearance rate 1.6 ml/min/kg. The distribution volume was found to be 660 ml/kg. After oral administration, the mean residence time was 8.5 h, the absorption half‐life 1.1 h and the bioavailability essentially 100%. In view of thein‐vitrosensitivities of various anaerobic bacteria, a dosage of 10‐15 mg/kg of tinidazole, orally, at 12‐h intervals, can be recommended for the treatment of anaerobic infections

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In the present study the pharmacokinetics of chloramphenicol were investigated in bovine plasma and saliva. The method of detection of chloramphenicol, a radio‐immunoassay, requires only small sample volumes, no further clean‐up, and a large number of samples can be processed simultaneously. This enabled the collection of a larger number of samples over a longer period of time than in previous studies. The intention was to obtain a complete pharmacokinetic profile of chloramphenicol, to evaluate it according to common open‐compartment models, and to compare it with the results of previous studies. The radio‐immunoassay results were confirmed by analysing a number of samples distributed over the concentration range of interest by a gas‐chromatographic method with electron‐capture detection. The suitability of saliva was evaluated as a possible means of monitoring compliance with the ban on chloramphenicol in the Federal Republic of Germany in milk‐prod

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of α2‐and α1adrenoceptor agonist activity of the formamidine, amitraz, on peripheral circulation in the dog. Intra‐arterial injections of amitraz (0.25‐5.0 μg/kg) produced a dose‐dependent increase in perfusion pressure in the autoperfused hind limbs of methoxyflurane‐anaesthetized dogs. A constant blood flow to the hind limbs was maintained using a peristaltic pump. Intravenous phentolamine (0.5 mg/kg), prazosin (35 μg/kg) and yohimbine (10 μg/kg) in separate experiments antagonized the vasoconstrictor actions of amitraz and produced a parallel shift to the right of the amitraz dose‐response curve. Cumulative doses of amitraz (0.5‐15 μg/kg) given by intracisterna magna (i.c.m.) injections reduced mean arterial pressure and heart rate in a dose‐dependent manner. Similar responses were produced by intravenous amitraz but at much higher doses. In separate experiments amitraz‐induced hypotension (doses up to 25 μg/kg i.c.m.) was prevented by pre‐treatment with yohimbine (30 μg/kg i.c.m.) but not prazosin (20 μg/kg i.c.m.). Both antagonists partially inhibited the bradycardia produced by amitraz. It is concluded that amitraz stimulates α1‐and α2‐adrenoceptors to produce vascular constriction. The central hypotensive action of amitraz appears to be mediated by α2‐adrenoceptors; however, both receptor subtypes appear to

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A study of the effects of intravenous administration of either 150 mg or 250 mg of furosemide to standardbred mares pre‐treated with other drugs was undertaken to determine whether a unique pattern of drug elimination into urine and from plasma for each compound occurred. Furosemide significantly reduced the plasma concentrations of codeine compared to control 2‐6 h after furosemide administration. In contrast, the plasma concentrations of theophylline, phenylbutazone, pentazocine, guaifenesin and flunixin were not markedly altered by furosemide. In the case of acepromazine, clenbuterol and fentanyl, the data generated were insufficient to state with certainty whether or not furosemide affected the plasma concentrations of these three drugs. A significant reduction was noted in the urinary concentrations of guaifenesin, acepromazine, clenbuterol, phenylbutazone, flunixin, fentanyl and pentazocine within 1‐4 h of furosemide administration. The urinary concentrations of theophylline remained reduced as long as 8 h after furosemide injection. Furosemide administration to horses pre‐treated with codeine resulted in depression of urinary morphine concentrations 2‐4 h and 9‐12 h after furosemide injection. A lower furosemide dose (150 mg) produced changes in drug urinary excretion and plasma elimination equivalent to the higher dose (250 mg). It is evident that furosemide affects the urinary and plasma concentrations of other co‐administered drugs but not in a predictable fashion, which limits the extrapolation of these results to as yet u

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1990.tb00757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY