摘要:

The following aspects of the pharmacology of the ovine gastroduodenal junction are reviewed:1The duodenal brake;2Cholinergic stimulation and therapy of gastric stasis;3Delayed gastric emptying;4Drugs affecting the cyclical activity of the junction.

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00966.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Intravenous infusion ofPasteurella hemolyticaendotoxin caused marked increases in the plasma levels of thromboxane B2(TxB2), prostaglandins (PG) and serotonin in sheep. The control values for TxB2, 6‐keto‐PGF1a, PGF2a, and serotonin before endotoxin infusion averaged 283 ± 53 (standard error of mean), 281 ± 14 and 199 ± 27 pg/ml and 57 ± 3 ng/ml, respectively. At 50 min during endotoxin infusion, these values were increased to their maximum of 376, 339, 325 and 202% of control, respectively. Body temperature increased from the control value of 39.5 ± 0.1åC to a maximum of 41.5 ± 0.1åC at 200‐300 min of infusion. In the second part of this study, we have examined the effects of ibuprofen on endotoxin‐induced increases in plasma PG, TxB2, and serotonin levels and body temperature. The control values for TxB2, 6‐keto‐PGF1a, PGF2a, and temperature prior to ibuprofen and endotoxin infusion averaged 238 ± 35, 335 ± 44 and 248 ± 28 pg/ml, 65 ± 3 ng/ml and 40.1 ± 0.2åC, respectively. A loading dose (15 mg/kg) of ibuprofen was followed by infusion of endotoxin (12 μg/kg) and ibuprofen (43.3 mg/kg) over 500 min. Plasma levels of 6‐keto‐PGF1aand serotonin increased only to 131 and 149% of control at 50 min of infusion, and levels of PGF2aand TxB2decreased to 50 and 80% of control at 100 and 150 min of infusion, respectively. Temperature remained unchanged. Ibuprofen effectively suppressed endotoxin‐induced increases in the plasma levels of TxB2, 6‐keto‐PGF1a, PGF2a, and serotonin and body temperature. It was concluded from the present study that nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs as an adjunct to antibiotic therapy might have a rational ba

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00967.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A monoclonal antibody was raised against hexoestrol coupled to bovine serum albumin. The antibody cross‐reacted with the stilbenes, diethylstilboestrol (10%) and dienoestrol (4%), but had no cross‐reaction (<0.01%) with other anabolic agents.A radioimmunoassay method using the monoclonal antibody has been validated and used to measure residues of hexoestrol in the urine of treated cattle. The limit of detection was 0.6 pg/ml urine at the 95% confidence limit. The results were compared with those obtained using polyclonal antibodies. Although there was a good correlation between the results, the use of monoclonal antibody gave more reliable results than those obtained with available polyclonal antibodies. The monoclonal antibody, because of its quality and theoretically limidess supply, is very suitable for use in large scale screening or monitoring programmes for regulating the use of hexoest

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00968.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00969.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acid‐base reaction cements, containing salts of copper, cobalt and selenium, were placed in the reticulum of sheep and cattle, and the rate of release of cobalt and selenium from them was measured. The rate of release of cobalt decreased with time but was sufficient to provide adequate supplementation for at least 6 months. After an initial rate of release of 4 mg Se/day for 1‐2 weeks, the mean subsequent rate of release of selenium over a period of 4 months was 0.1 mg Se/day (= 5 μg Se/day/cm2surface area). Field trials in lambs and growing steers showed that the cement increased the selenium concentration of their blood throughout a summer grazing pe

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00970.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigated the potential for nephrotoxicity of gentamicin in cats by measuring marker enzyme concentrations, [Na], [K], osmolality, and pH of the urine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. Gentamicin was administered i.m. at 4.4 mg/kg once daily (s.i.d.) or twice daily (b.i.d.) for 7 days. Concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lysozyme (LZM), alkaline phosphatase (AP), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GD) were measured as total 24‐h excretions. The s.i.d. regimen produced only a slight increase in LDH excretion after 5 days, whereas the b.i.d. regimen caused an increase in the excretion of all enzymes. The greatest elevations were observed for LZM and LDH. Of the enzymes studied, these appeared to be the most appropriate to monitor for potential nephrotoxicity, except that urinary concentrations did not correlate well with duration of gentamicin administration. Only slight elevations in BUN were observed for either regimen. Single daily administration increased urine osmolality slightly, but b.i.d. treatment caused a marked and immediate decrease in urine osomolality, [Na], and total Na excretion. Urinary [K]was also depressed, as was total K excretion after 6 days. Urine pH was not substantially affected. This study showed that the recommended daily dose of 4.4 mg/kg produced little if any evidence of nephrotoxicity as indicated by the parameters measured. Twice daily dosing, however, produced elevations in urine enzyme concentrations, and markedly decreased urine osmolality and Na and K excretion. Compared to other species studied, the cat appears particularly sensitive to urine concentrating alterations resulting from repeated gentamicin administratio

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00971.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Flumequine (1 g/1) was administered to healthy young chickens in the drinking water for 5 days. A transient increase in the incidence of resistance to flumequine (4 μg/ml) was recorded in faecal coliform isolates after administration. Cross‐resistance with nalidixic acid was demonstrated, but there was no evidence of cross‐resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, streptomycin, sulphadiazide, tetracycline and trimetho

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00972.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Eight desert sheep were each infected orally with 500 metacercariae ofFasciola giganticaand, after 4 weeks, four of the animals were given niclofolan orally at the recommended therapeutic dose rate of 7 mg/kg, the other four remaining as controls. One week later, the animals were slaughtered and the fasciocidal effect of the drug was evaluated on the basis of worm burden, haemogram, some plasma constituents, and gross and histopathological lesions of the liver, as indicators of efficacy. The treatment was found to be ineffective, the degree of infection remaining the same as in the untreated control group. The experiment was repeated using eight infected sheep: four were given the drug orally at a dose rate of 10.5 mg/kg, i.e., 1.5 times the recommended dose; and the same parameters were measured as described above. The drug failed to cure the infected sheep, and caused depression, anorexia and weakness. In a third experiment six sheep were infected as before and three were treated with niclofolan by deep i.m. injection at the recommended therapeutic dose of 2 mg/kg. A week later the animals were killed and examined as before. The drug was effective in treating the infection and produced no untoward effects except for transient signs of pain at the site of injection. It seems possible that the oral dose, unlike the i.m. dose, of niclofolan is not absorbed and/or metabolized sufficiently to prevent elimination of the infection.

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00973.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Phenylbutazone was administered to six Thoroughbred horses in a cross‐over study in which die horses received cimetidine pretreatment or no cimetidine pretreatment. Blood samples were collected at various times for 48 h after phenylbutazone administration and the plasma was analysed for phenylbutazone. Cimetidine pretreatment elevated phenylbutazone plasma concentrations during the first 8 h after phenylbutazone administration. The absorption rate, maximum phenylbutazone plasma concentrations and AUC were significantly greater with cimetidine pretreatment. The half‐life of phenylbutazone did not change with cimetidine pretreatment; however, lower plasma concentrations of the metabolite gamma‐hydroxyphenylbutazone were observed with cimetidine pretreatments. Plasma concentrations of the metabolite oxyphenbutazone were unchanged with cimetidine pretreatment compared to control values. Twenty‐four‐hour plasma concentrations of phenylbutazone were not different from control values with cimetidine pretreatment. This study suggests that concurrent treatment with cimetidine and phenylbutazone 24 h before race time does not result in elevations of plasma phenylbutazone concentrations above contr

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00974.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1985.tb00975.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY