ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This review discusses the mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity and their putative relationship to clinical syndromes in the fowl. The general features of these mechanisms are outlined, in terms of the pharmacological mediators involved, the anaphylactic antibodies, and the distribution and relative significance of the immune target cells — the mast cells and basophils. Emphasis is given to the ways in which these features are similar to or differ from those occurring in mammals. Consideration is given to the immunological release of histamine and of SRS‐A in the fowl. The results of work on the mechanisms ofin vitroanaphylaxis (Schultz‐Dale phenomenon) in the chicken are discussed. The roles of several potential mediators of acute systemic anaphylaxis are discussed in some detail, with reference to the activities of antagonists to each of these potential mediators. A major role for the vasoactive lipids and peptides is sugg

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Na‐ampicillin was administered by the intravenous or intramuscular route to pigs. Blood concentrations during 4–6 h after administration and tissue distribution were measured. Pharmacokinetic parameters indicated a two‐compartment open model. The biological half‐life was found to be 60 min and four intramuscular injections per day of 10mg/kg B.W. of Na‐ampicillin were required to maintain a minimum plasma concentration of 0.4 μg/ml. Higher levels were found in both the urinary and diges

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Biliary excretion of Na‐ampicillin was studied in 40–50 kg male castrated pigs fitted with a bile duct re‐entrant cannula. There is a low recovery of antibiotic in the bile after an extraduodenal administration. The injection of sodium de‐hydrocholate increased the bioavailability of ampicillin and decreased the volumes of distribution in the drug. The simultaneous administration of probenecid led also to an increased ampicillin bioavailability. The use of such regimes to obtain longer ampicillin dosage intervals is di

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of probenecid on serum ampicillin and amoxycillin concentrations were investigated in 1–5 week old calves after oral and parenteral drug administration. Ampicillin trihydrate was administered orally at 250mg/calf, after an overnight fast, alone and with 1.5g probenecid. Peak serum ampicillin concentrations were elevated from 0.60 to 1.22 μg/ml by the co‐administration of probenecid. In calves given 0.5 g amoxycillin trihydrate with the milk replacer, peak serum drug concentration increased from 1.74 to 3.16 μg/ml when 1.5 g probenecid was given too. Maximal effect of probenecid administered orally was with the 1.5 g/calf dose with considerably lesser increase in peak serum amoxycillin being observed with doses of 0.5 g, 1 g and 2 g/calf. After parenteral injection of probenecid solution at 1 g and 2 g/calf serum ampicillin concentrations peaked at more than twice the concentrations measured after equal doses of the two antibiotics were injected alone. The co‐administration of 2 g probenecid and 1 g sodium ampicillin or 0.5 g sodium amoxycillin parenterally resulted in peak antibiotic concentrations considered to be effective against some of the more resistant pathogenic Gram‐negative bacteria associated with diseases in calves and serum antibiotic concentrations 5 μg/ml were maintained during 5–6 h as opposed to 2–3 h after the antibiotics were injected alone. Oral administration of 1.5 g probenecid at three consecutive milk feeding times did not alter serum urea or serum creatinine

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mechanisms responsible for the rapid decline of chloramphenicol plasma levels after oral administration in young calves during their first weeks of life were investigated. Chloramphenicol was administered by stomach tube, to four 2 week old calves on three consecutive days at a dose of 50 mg/kg. The plasma levels increased daily to a peak value on the third day. The minimum therapeutic concentration of 5 μg/ml, however, was barely obtained. Simultaneous estimation of the ruminal contents showed a parallel increase in chloramphenicol concentration. Thus it can be assumed that there is an inefficient absorption of chloramphenicol from the forestomachs of young calves. Chloramphenicol was not metabolized by the ruminal contents until the calves were 9 weeks old. Finally chloramphenicol was administered to 7 week old calves by the intra‐abomasal route, intraruminal route and by mouth. Only with the intra‐abomasal method could a therapeutically effective level be reached. This indicates that the rapid decline of chloramphenicol plasma levels in calves during their first weeks of life could be attributed to the delayed reticulo‐rumen emptying and to inefficient absorption from the forest

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sulfamethazine was administered at a dosage of 99 mg/kg body weight to lambs with a naturally acquired parasitism and again at 37 days following treatment with an anthelmintic. Blood samples were analyzed for sulfonamides over a 72 h period following sulfamethazine administration in both phases of the study. Pharmacokinetic parameter estimates of the sulfonamide blood data demonstrated significantly lower peak levels, longer times to peak and higher blood levels of the drug as time after dosing increased, in the parasitized as compared with the parasitism‐treated lamb

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Oral administration of antipyrine or trimethoprim to normal and endotoxin‐pretreated, febrile pigs resulted in pharmacokinetic parameters which were different in the two groups of pigs. The one‐compartment model with first order absorption rate constant can be used to describe the pharmacokinetics of antipyrine and trimethoprim in normal pigs but cannot satisfactorily describe the plasma concentration versus time data in the febrile pigs. The absorption rate and the elimination rate of antipyrine and trimethoprim are reduced in the febrile pigs whereas the volume of distribution is increa

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00377.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Acetazolamide was administered at a dose rate of 10 mg/kg intravenously every 8 h to twelve dogs for a period of 7 days. Before administration of the acetazolamide and every second day during the period of administration, values of PaO2, PaCO2, pH, base excess, bicarbonate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, central venous pressure, packed cell volume, haemoglobin and total plasma protein were measured. Plasma concentrations of sodium, potassium, chloride, creatinine, urea, glucose, bilirubin, iron, calcium, phosphate and triglycerides were also determined. These values were also measured in a similar control group of dogs not given acetazolamide. Acetazolamide produced significant elevations in PaO2and chloride values and significant decreases in PaCO2, pH, base excess, bicarbonate, potassium and calcium. There were no significant changes in any of the other parameters measured. The non‐respiratory acidosis produced by acetazolamide makes it a useful model to enable the investigation of therapeutic regimes for treating acidosis of this typ

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00378.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effects of newly synthesized PG‐F2α analogues, mainly belonging to the 13‐thia‐ and Δ 9, 10‐analogues, were investigated using the isolated rate uterus test, the pregnancy interruption test in rats and the pregnancy interruption test in hamsters. The luteolytic action was investigated in cattle. Several compounds were many times more active than PG‐F2α. There appeared to be a differentiation between luteolytic and uterotonic potency in the test models used. Some compounds appeared to be good candidates for veterinary clinical use. One compound demonstrated a good luteolytic effect in la

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00379.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY