ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00397.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A proprietary combination product containing sulphadoxine and trimethoprim was administered to horses by intravenous injection. Protein‐binding of sulphadoxine was dependent on the concentration in plasma and decreased from 72% at 50 μg/ml to 14% at 450 μg/ml. Sulphadoxine is eliminated from plasma in accordance with a three compartment open model. The elimination half‐life was on average 14 h while the volume of distribution was found to be 0.39 1/kg. Trimethoprim was eliminated from plasma in accordance with a two compartment open model. The elimination half‐life was on an average 3 h. Experiments in which trimethoprim was administered alone showed that the elimination half‐life was not dependent on the simultaneous administration of sulphadoxine. About 50% of trimethoprim was bound to plasma proteins, but in contrast to sulphadoxine there was no dependence between plasma concentration and protein binding. The protein binding of trimethoprim was independent of the presence of sulphadoxine andvice versa.Experiments with14C‐labelled trimethoprim showed that it was excreted in almost equal amounts in urine and faeces. 97% of the administered dose was recovered in urine and faeces during the course of the first 4 days after adm

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00398.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The clearance of inulin and creatinine were almost identical in horses, indicating that creatinine clearance can be used for estimation of the glomerular filtration rate in horses. Trimethoprim (TMP) is excreted in urine by glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion and back‐diffusion. The clearance of TMP is highly influenced by urine pH, but also by the plasma concentration of the drug and by the degree of diuresis. The results indicate self‐depression of the active tubular secretion of TMP at plasma concentrations above 1–2 μg/ml. The renal excretion of sulphadoxine in horses involves glomerular filtration and a pronounced back‐diffusion. The clearance of sulphadoxine is dependent on urine pH and increases with increasing pH. The clearance of N4‐acetyl sulphadoxine was higher than the clearance of the parent compound. The renal excretion of N4‐acetyl sulphadoxine was shown to involve glomerular filtration, active tubular secretion and ba

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00399.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Isometamidium‐dextran complex was prepared by adding a 4% solution of dextran sulphate to an equal volume of a 4% solution of isometamidium chloride. The resulting 2% suspension was administered subcutaneously at 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg to three groups of Zebu bulls infected withTrypanosoma vivaxY58. The fourth group received isometamidium at 0.5 mg/kg intramuscularly. The parasite was cleared from all groups within 5 days, and recrudescence occurred to either preparation only at 0.5 mg/kg during the 90 day observation period. A firm movable subcutaneous nodule formed at the site of injection of the complex. The skin over the nodule appeared thickened due to oedema. Histologically, the nodule was characterized by diffuse connective tissue proliferation, with round cells and giant cell infiltration. There were focal areas of necrosis in the underlying granuloma associated with yellowish‐brown staining drug deposits at the centre. The average growth rate of the treated groups was better than the non‐treated group but inferior to the non‐infected group. It was concluded that the complex at 1 or 2 mg/kg s.c. could be expected to protect cattle against trypanosomiasis and still yield good carcass and hide

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00400.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

One hundred and eighteen isolates ofPseudomonas aeruginosaobtained from clinical material were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Regardless of species of animal from which the isolate was obtained, 75% of the isolates were inhibited by ≤ 4 μg of gentamicin/ml, 100% by ≤ 4 μg of tobramycin/ml, 97% by ≤ 128 μg of carbenicillin/ml, and 2% by ≤ 64 μg of chloram

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00401.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Some physiological effects of the intravenous administration of five different commercial electrolyte solutions were studied in healthy conscious dogs. Measurements were taken before, during and up to 3 h after fluid administration. The measurements included temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, systolic and diastolic arterial pressure, central venous pressure, pO2, pCO2, pH, packed cell volume, haemoglobin, total plasma protein, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, base excess and creatinine. There were no significant changes in temperature, respiratory rate, systolic pressure, pO2or pCO2. All dogs showed a similar rise in central venous pressure and a fall in packed cell volume, haemoglobin and total plasma protein in response to the fluid administration. Two saline solutions produced a metabolic acidosis, a fall in plasma potassium values and a rise in chloride. Administration of multi‐electrolyte solutions resulted in the least disturbance in acid‐base and electrolyte bala

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00402.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A pressure sensitive force plate was used to measure the degree of lameness in arthritic horses as a test system for studying the effect of exogenous hyaluronic acid on joint function. Intra‐articular injection of hyaluronic acid resulted in a measurable reduction of lameness in experimentally induced osteoarthritis and septic arthritis as well as in naturally occurring equine osteoarthriti

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00403.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Lithium carbonate (0.75 and 1 mEq/kg daily) mixed with food was chronically administered to growing pigs. Control animals received equivalent amounts of sodium carbonate. Added lithium decreased intra‐group aggression occurring when access to food was restricted but did not prevent aggression and fighting observed after mixing pigs from different origins. The results are discussed in relation to the current interpretations of the psychopharmacological activity of lithium, and the prospective value of using lithium in pig intensive husbandry for controlling behavioural disorders is examine

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00404.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A viable preparation from the external muscle coat of cattle rumen forin vitrostudies of contractility is described. The threshold Ca2+concentration for contractile response in glycerol treated ruminal muscle was found to be pH dependent. At physiological pH it is situated between 10‐8and 10‐7M. Strips with intact membranes were studied in the depolarized state. In this preparation contraction to acetylcholine or histamine requires Ca2+in the medium. However, contractility persists for several minutes in Ca2+‐free solution at rest but disappears rapidly during stimulation. Recovery in a Ca2+‐containing medium is much faster than the decline of responsiveness in a Ca2+‐free medium. Tetracaine and D600 seem to inhibit contraction by blocking release of Ca2+from and uptake of Ca2+into hypothetical Ca stores inside the cell. The results are interpreted by assuming cellular Ca stores and two Ca pumps, one extruding Ca2+into the medium and one accumulating Ca in the stores. Acetylcholine and histamine act by increasing Ca2+permeability of both the membranes of the stores and the plasma membrane. The stimulator‐induced and possibly the resting Ca2+permeability in the depolarized state is reduced by tetracaine and D600 at both sites. The pumps are assumed not to be affected by stimulators and the ment

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00405.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book reviewed in this article:ANIMAL ANAESTHESIA, C. J. GreenDRUGS IN ANAESTHETIC PRACTICE, 5th edn, M. D. Vickers, F. G. Wood‐Smith and H. C. Stewa

ISSN:0140-7783    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2885.1979.tb00406.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY