摘要:

Infectious diseases commonly cause illnesses that mimic rheumatic diseases. Both Lyme disease and Parvovirus B19 infections produce arthritis, rashes, and a systemic illness that may be thought to represent a chronic rheumatic disease. In the case presented, a child with both infections simultaneously exhibited arthralgias, aseptic meningitis, and a facial rash. The features of Lyme disease and Parvovirus B19 infection that may mimic systemic lupus erythematosus include a facial rash, often in a malar distribution, hematologic abnormalities, arthritis, neurologic disorders, and autoantibody positivity. Given the proper season and geographical location, one must consider the possibility of co-infection with these two organisms, especially in those with atypical rheumatic complaints.

ISSN:1076-1608    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-1608    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pivotal to immunity and auto-immunity is the ability of the human immune response to make antigen-specific responses, both cellular and humoral. T- and B-cells contain within themselves the ability to recognize and react to specific antigens, but they must be made aware of the presence of their target in the surrounding environment to respond. Turns out this part of the education of T-cells (not B-cells, which are activated by specific antigens in a different manner) is provided by a large number of cells, all coming under the umbrella term: antigen-presenting cells. Understanding how these cells take up molecules from the environment or acquire protein molecules from the intracellular milieu, manipulate them, and then offer the modified material to engage potentially responding cells in an immunological educational conversation is crucial to understanding normal immune function and, of course, auto-immunity and other forms of immune dysregulation.In the broadest of terms, there are two sources of proteins: endogenous (produced within the cell) and exogenous (produced outside of the cell), and there are two not entirely mutually exclusive pathways involved in antigen processing and presentation. To decrease confusion between these two separate pathways antigens, I will proceed with a description of the latter in this paper and cover the former in the next paper in this series. So, now on to antigen processing and presentation of proteins.

ISSN:1076-1608    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-1608    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-1608    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:1076-1608    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2001

数据来源: OVID