摘要:

This paper looks at the dynamics of interurban office location as national economies evolve. Offices are defined as producer service establishments that provide tradeable information‐intensive services, found both within the secondary and the tertiary sectors (i. e. head or branch offices). A simple model of the decision to locate is presented that emphasizes communications cost as well as information and skilled labor input costs. The author suggests that as the firm evolves, and as information outputs become more non‐standardized, the relative weight of externally purchased information‐intensive service inputs will increase, pushing office establishments up the urban hierarchy. Equally, as national economies evolve the demand for information‐intensive inputs will increase, behind the demand for services. Thus, in a growing export‐driven economy (South Korea is taken as an example) the demand for office‐based services will grow rapidly, creating locational pressures in the largest urban centers, in turn pushing more standardized activities (often manufacturing) to more peripheral locations. The end result is the rapid growth of office activities in the largest cities where the upper bounds of the national urban hierarchy will be defined by the (head) office locations of the largest multi‐establishment

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1991.tb00024.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Modern production systems are characterized by the growth of service industries and the increasing interdependence between services and the production of goods. Further, current research is becoming increasingly concerned with the strategic role of certain service functions in the process of economic growth. In this paper we examine these phenomena in the specific context of the economic structure and evolution of metropolitan Geneva. We begin by presenting an alternative typology of economic activity, and then employ this typology to examine three aspects of Geneva's economic structure: its configuration in 1985; its evolution over the period 1975–1985; and intrametropolitan shifts of economic activity. Finally, we compare Geneva to other metropolitan areas and cities in Switzerland, France, and Canada, in order to demonstrate the universality of the processes taking plac

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1991.tb00025.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Japan experienced extremely rapid urbanization and high economic growth after the war, but urbanization trends have considerably changed over the years. To analyze the recent evolution of Japanese cities, we introduce a new definition of the metropolitan area, which is called the Standard Metropolitan Employment Area (SMEA). By applying the same criteria to 1965, 1975 and 1985 census data sets, we identified 87 SMEAs in 1965, 104 in 1975 and 118 in 1985. By comparing the three descriptions of urban Japan during these years, we can obtain a broad picture of urban development in the two decades. During that time, decentralization became significant in terms of employment as well as population. Not only were the urbanized areas dispersed throughout the country, but also suburbanization advanced within the metropolitan areas. Such decentralization developed dramatically during the former decade, while during the latter 10 years it slowed down.

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1991.tb00026.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Strong emphasis has recently been placed on recovery of improvement costs from slum dwellers for sustainable development of low‐income urban settlements. Furthermore, socio‐economic stratification of slum dwellers is perceived to influence their consumption and investment patterns in the city. Against this background, populations in six slums in Dhaka, stratified into house owners and renters, were studied. Results show that renters have stronger ties with their rural origin where they are likely to return and remit a significant portion of their income, leaving a limited amount for consumption and investment in the city. In contrast, owners have stronger attachment to the city, remit negligible amounts to their village of origin and pay more attention to city consumption and investment. Consequently, any cost recovery approach to slum upgrading implies heavy reliance on owners. But renters can also be expected to share the cost, to some limited extent, in the form of property tax or community services charges. The key point here is the concurrence of renters and owners on the sharing of costs and benef

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1991.tb00027.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Singapore's export‐services upgrading experiment can perhaps be better viewed as a bid to shift from a branch‐plant to a regional‐headquarters role for multi‐national corporations (MNCs). More generally, a survey of service‐based development possibilities suggests a similar conclusion for other world cities as well. What might appear at the local level to be autonomous export‐ or producer‐services activity may instead reflect the city's role in the corporate networks that coordinate global manufacturing. The upshot is the prospect of a multi‐polar East Asian industrial landscape. Coordination and control are likely to radiate not only from Tokyo, Seoul, and post‐1997 Hong Kong, but also from Singapore — an advanced communications enclave ideally suited to MNCs administering the emerging factory systems of such Little Tigers as Mal

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1991.tb00028.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This paper focuses on problems of measuring and evaluating development for small subnational areas in a developing country. It has been stressed that the core of the problem is a lack of suitable tools to do the job, due to conditions of underdevelopment. Paucity of conventional economic data lead to difficulty in the computation of aggregates for gross domestic product (GDP) and most similar measures. The gap the paper hopes to bridge is the need to define “development” in quantitative terms for small subnational spatial areas with deficient data bases and traditional societies, against the paradox of the non‐quantitative nature of development. Despite the staggering diversity of physical, ecological, political and socio‐economic attributes in such areas, it is possible to formulate sufficient proxy indicators for evaluating development using physical, structural, demographic and socio‐economic variables. This paper demonstrates that construction of a multivariate Composite Spatial Development Value Index (CSDVI) goes a long way in solving the problem of economic development evaluation under these data ‐ deficient conditions arising from under

ISSN:0917-0553    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-940X.1991.tb00029.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY