ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409052

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis personal journey through the enlarging landscape of heterogeneous catalysis, pure and applied, starts with the discovery in 1823 of a dramatic example of the synthesis of water that was to serve as the basis of the first commercial exploitation of catalysis, Dobereiners lighter (tinder box). The quickening pace of successive industrial innovations and of academic insight during the intervening 170 years are summarized and the turning points, both major and minor, identified. Although new concepts and new ideas emerged in relative profusion, few exhibited the longevity predicted for them at birth by their proponents. Some concepts, like broken milestones on a vanished road, have ceased to retain their significance. Some have survived, even flourished. But in catalysis, as in most other branches of natural science, new tools and new techniques, rather than new concepts, tend to hold sway. And just as experimental advances in enzymology and immunology have led to the design of remarkable new biocatalysts so also, but not yet at the same level of delicate control, have the tools and techniques of solid‐state chemistry (including novel preparative and computational procedures), generated many powerful rationally designed inorganic catalyst

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409131

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractContrary to widely held opinion, for many reactions in organic and organometallic chemistry it is possible to define nucleophilicity and electrophilicity parameters that are independent of the reaction partners. This phenomenon, discovered by Ritchie during the early 1970s for reactions of highly stabilized carbenium and diazonium ions with n‐nucleophiles, also occurs with reactions of carbenium ions with aliphatic and aromatic π‐electron systems and in hydride transfer reactions. With the aid of the scales of nucleophilicity and electrophilicity set out here, which extend over eighteen orders of magnitude, forecasts can be made about the feasibility and rate of a given CC bond formation, ionic reduction, or diazo coupling. Linkage with the reactivity scales of Ritchie and Sweigart/Kane‐Maguire enables a unified treatment of a large number of polar rea

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409381

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409591

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409621

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409641

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409671

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409691

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409701

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199409731

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY