摘要:

AbstractThis review deals with the following aspects of conformational analysis in saturated heterocyclic systems: 1. Conformational equilibria in 2‐aryl and 2‐ethynyl‐1,3‐dioxanes in various solvents. 2. The generalized anomeric effect in perhydro‐1,3‐diazines and its origin. 3. Unexpected conformational equilibria in 5‐heterosubstituted 1,3‐dioxanes. 4. Normal and anomalous solvent effects in conformational equilibria of 1,3‐dioxanes with heteroatoms at C‐5. Calculation of solvent effects. Correlation of ΔG0as a function of solvent with solvatochromic transition energyET(30); a new scale of “solvent polarity”. 5. Interplay of hydrogen bonding with dipolar, non‐bonded and eclipsing interactions in 5‐hydroxymethyl‐ 1,3‐dioxanes. 6. Highly stereoselective H‐D exchanges in anancomeric 1,3‐dithianes. 7. Potential distortion of a cyclohexane or 1,3‐dioxane ring by atert‐butyl substituent. Evidence from1H‐NMR and13C‐NMR inve

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197207391

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis progress report ends with the sentence: In the opinion of many experts, we are entering an “age of inorganic fibers”. An attempt is made in the article to outline the present stage of development and the outlook for one of the most interesting fields of modern materials scie

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197207511

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe technical, electrochemical, and preparative aspects of cathodic dimerization, which leads to bifunctional compounds, are reviewed. With the hydrodimerization of acrylonitrile as an example, the effects of the reaction parameters and the mechanism are discussed in detail. In addition to the hydrodimerization of activated compounds, the coupling can also proceed via elimination of halide orviathe discharge of cations. Processes of special preparative interest are those in which two different molecules are coupled, which can yielde.g.esters, alcohols, or ketones with cyano groups, as well as asymmetric diols. The reductive dimerizations of acrylonitrile, β‐chloropropionitrile, acetone, acetylpyridine, nitrobenzene (→ benzidine), and pyridinium salts have already found industrial

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197207601

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is only during the last few years that reactions of organic substances as a result of electron collisions in the cold plasma of glow and corona discharges have been developed into a preparatively useful method with a wide range of possibilities. Its basic principles and development prospects are discussed in the present progress report on the basis of the research results that are known at present.

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197207811

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMitochondria are separate metabolic compartments within the cell. The functional boundary of the mitochondrial compartment is the inner membrane. This membrane contains the enzymatic apparatus for the electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation. The substrate breakdown cycles are localized in the mitochondrial matrix space. Specific carriers are responsible for the exchange of ADP, ATP, phosphate, and intermediates of the citric acid cycle between the matrix space and the extramitochondrial space. The particular importance of the adenine nucleotide transport to the regulation of the energy metabolism of the cell is discussed in detail.

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197207921

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of the work described in this report is to find pathways leading to self‐organization of molecular systems. The idea is not to trace the historical pathway of evolution but to describe a model whose experimental verification should help to clarify the important principles of evolution. The difficulty of accepting the origin of living organisms as a physico‐chemical phenomenon and the deeply rooted notion that a system of such complexity as the genetic apparatus could never be the outcome of processes based solely on the known laws of physics have influenced philosophical thinking very strongly. This study is also intended as an attempt to overcome this psychological problem by systematic pursuit of a model pathway composed of many, readily comprehensible steps. A process thus becomes understandable which cannot be grasped as a whole, and is therefore alien to our conceptual hab

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197207981

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA model of a simple self‐organizing system is investigated. Mechanisms that are important to a molecular‐biological understanding of evolution are studied with the aid of the mo

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197208211

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197208241

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197208251

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.197208261

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY