摘要:

AbstractThe first total synthesis of calicheamicin γ 11was achieved approximately a year ago. In this article, the author presents a personal account of the events, in chronological order, that led to this success story in total synthes

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199313773

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the attempt to synthesize compounds with aluminum in a low oxidation state and an AlAl bond, by the reduction of alkylaluminum halides with alkali metals, analogous to a Wurtz coupling, in general the deposition of elemental aluminum and the formation of the corresponding trialkylaluminum compounds is observed. Thus, tetrasubstituted dialuminum compounds R2AlAlR2, apart from a few poorly characterized examples, were for a long time considered part of an unverified class of substances. Only with the sterically very highly shielded tetrakis[bis(trimethylsilyl)methyl]dialuminum did we achieve the synthesis of the first completely characterized organoelement compound with unlimited stability, which shows aluminum in the oxidation state + II and has an AlAl bond. In the meantime, corresponding compounds for the elements gallium and indium have been obtained. With the simple access to tetrasubstituted dimetal compounds, a fascinating new research area has opened for preparative chemistry, in which the particular interest will naturally lie in the reactive properties of the metal‐met

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199313861

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe natural potential of bacteria for the biological degradation of synthetic compounds is greater than is commonly supposed and extends to many heteroarenes and even some chloroarenes. An increase in the number of substituents on the aromatic ring or a certain substitution pattern is what confers xenobiotic character to a compound. In addition, when enzymes with low substrate specificity encounter foreign compounds with random variations, products with very strong xenobiotic character often result. In this case, changing the conditions or introducing a cooperation between several different types of bacteria can be used to degrade these compounds. Finally, mineralization, the complete breakdown of organic substances into carbon dioxide and inorganic salts, of xenobiotics previously regarded as persistent can be achieved by taking advantage of natural or induced gene transfer to construct hybrid degradative pathways. After an introduction to the world of bacteria and their place in Nature, we will describe their natural potential for biodegradation with reference to aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons. The discussion will then turn to the types of the substituents that confer xenobiotic properties to compounds and how these compounds are degraded despite their xenobiotic character.

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199313981

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199314091

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199314111

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199314121

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199314151

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199314191

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199314201

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0570-0833    

DOI:10.1002/anie.199314221

出版商:Hüthig&Wepf Verlag    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY