ISSN:1082-9784    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The nomenclature of urothelial lesions has been a source of controversy resulting in a lack of standardization in terminology and confusing clinicopathologic conceptualization of important entities such as urothelial dysplasia. As a result of this problem, communication with clinicians regarding pathologic data has been at times unclear. A recent consensus conference has addressed these concerns and made meaningful recommendations. This review discusses practical issues in urinary tract pathology with an emphasis on defining diagnostic criteria for reactive, metaplastic, dysplastic, and neoplastic urothelial conditions.

ISSN:1082-9784    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Urine cytology interpretation remains a challenging field. Although much has been written in an attempt to define criteria to distinguish reactive from malignant processes and a number of ancillary diagnostic techniques have been applied to this difficult area for the same purpose, the category of “atypical” urothelial cells is still often used at the expense of more definitive diagnoses. The correlation of urinary cytology findings with concurrent biopsy specimens is strongly recommended to improve the accuracy of the interpretation of urinary tract pathology findings. The diagnostic accuracy of lesions such as urothelial carcinoma in situ, a sometimes difficult diagnosis to make on biopsy specimens, can be significantly improved when urinary cytology findings are interpreted in conjunction with biopsies. Likewise, it is recommended that voided urine cytology specimens be submitted along with washes to better interpret the cytologic findings. The authors have delineated a set of criteria to reduce the “atypical” category and to make urine cytology interpretation more reproducible. The pertinent literature, including the value of adjunct diagnostic techniques, is also reviewed in this article.

ISSN:1082-9784    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The microscopic evaluation of urinary sediment dates back to the 19th century, when abnormal cellular findings were discovered in the urinary sediment of men subsequently found to have bladder cancer. In the mid‐20th century modern urine cytology was introduced and applied in the clinical detection of bladder cancer. Over the past 20 years, urine cytology has commonly been used in the diagnosis and management of urothelial carcinomas. This article reviews the uses of urinary cytology in clinical urologic practice, describing its application and value in the diagnosis and management of urinary tract malignancies.

ISSN:1082-9784    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This article reports a “small blue cell tumor” with an unusual microscopic appearance in an asymptomatic 63‐year‐old man. Examination of the right partial nephrectomy specimen showed a 5 × 3 × 3‐cm mass with fleshy cut surface and focal necrosis. The mass was confined in the kidney with no margin involvement. Microscopically, the peripheral part of the tumor showed bland‐appearing small blue cells forming tightly packed small acini, a feature typical of metanephric adenoma. The central portion had larger blue cells arranged as crowded long tubular or somewhat papillary structures. Mitoses and small necrotic foci also were seen occasionally in the central portion. No lymphovascular invasion or capsular involvement was identified. All the tumor cells were positive for keratin markers (AE1/AE3 and CAM5.2). All the peripheral cells and 20% of the central cells were reactive with vimentin. Cells at both the peripheral and central portions stained negatively for neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin and chromogranin). Differential diagnosis includes several small blue cell tumors that can be found in the adult kidney. The pertinent literature is reviewed.

ISSN:1082-9784    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;The recognition of chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as a distinct pathologic entity less than two decades ago has been greatly instrumental in the current classification of renal epithelial neoplasms. The validity of this pathologic categorization stands confirmed by genetics and the clinical behavior of most tumor groups. Therefore, proper separation of these distinct clinicopathologic entities is essential. Chromophobe RCC may show some morphologic features that overlap with renal oncocytoma and conventional (clear cell) RCC. However, close attention to light microscopic features, in particular the cytoplasmic and nuclear characteristics, enables proper classification in the vast majority of the cases. Ancillary studies, including colloidal iron staining and electron microscopy, only rarely are needed for accurate categorization. This article reviews the pathologic features that are helpful for a proper recognition of chromophobe RCC and the characteristics that distinguish it from its mimics.

ISSN:1082-9784    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Four clinicopathologic types of renal lymphoma (RL) are recognized: secondary RL, primary RL, renal intravascular lymphomatosis, and renal transplant lymphoma. Secondary RL is a lymphoma involving the kidney during the course of systemic lymphoma. Primary RL, defined as a lymphoma presenting with signs and symptoms related to the kidney, is first diagnosed from tissue taken from the kidney. It should be emphasized that in many cases of primary RL, a staging workup reveals simultaneous or subsequent lymphoma of other sites. Acute renal failure is a frequent initial presentation of primary RL. Lymphoma rarely involves the renal transplant as a manifestation of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder. Intravascular lymphomatosis is a rare variant of lymphoma in which the lymphoma cells are large and limited to vascular lumens, with minor perivascular expansion only in the terminal phases of the disease. The kidney is involved almost uniformly in intravascular lymphomatosis. Four cases of RL that encompass the morphologic spectrum of RL are reported, followed by a concise but comprehensive review of the different RL types. Familiarity with the many faces of RL promotes an intelligent diagnostic approach for this common condition and offers some insights into the fascinating biology of lymphoma.

ISSN:1082-9784    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;Prostate cancer is the most frequent cancer experienced by men in most developed countries. Because of advances in diagnostic techniques and therapeutic options, pathologists now are faced with numerous prostate biopsies with foci of atypical small glands. This article reviews the qualitative and quantitative criteria for the diagnosis of minimal prostate cancer on biopsies.

ISSN:1082-9784    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

&NA;This report illustrates common features of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), in which benign glands exhibit epithelial proliferation with tufting, micropapillary, cribriform, and flat patterns. High‐grade PIN is characterized by nuclear and nucleolar enlargement and differentiated from adenocarcinoma by the absence of stromal invasion and retention of the basal cell layer. In contrast to atypical basal cell hyperplasia, high‐grade PIN usually involves larger acini with full‐thickness epithelial atypia. Low‐grade PIN has architectural patterns similar to those of high‐grade PIN, but shows smaller and less frequent nucleoli. The presence of high‐grade PIN in the biopsy is a strong predictor of concurrent cancer and warrants further search for invasive carcinoma. Low‐grade PIN is not a predictor of carcinoma. For this reason and also because low‐grade PIN has poor diagnostic reproducibility, many pathologists choose not to report low‐grade PIN in biopsies.

ISSN:1082-9784    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2000

数据来源: OVID