摘要:

The paper reviews the development of hydro-electric power, primarily in Scotland, over the past 90 years, starting with the first industrial installation at Foyers, followed by the construction of the aluminium hydros at Kinlochleven and Lochaber, the Galloway and Grampian schemes in the 1930s, the intense period of development by the Hydro Board in the 1940s to 1960s and the recent pumped storage schemes in the 1960s and 1970s. The types of hydro-electric development which have taken place are examined, along with the performance of the schemes. Economics, social and political aspects and the potential for future development are assessed, including a description of the latest run-of-river projects proposed in Scotland. The paper concludes with prospects for future hydro-electric development which are related to concepts, dams, underground works, plant and environmental aspects.

DOI:10.1049/ip-c.1986.0021

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

Rather than provide a general guide to the economic evaluation of hydro-electric schemes in developing countries, and to the assessment of their effect when integrated into the electricity systems, one scheme, the Lupohlo–Ezulwini scheme first studied in 1978 and recently completed in Swaziland, is discussed in detail. Many of the aspects discussed will be common to other schemes. The paper is based on a presentation to an IEE Colloquium on Hydro-Power in May 1984.

DOI:10.1049/ip-c.1986.0022

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

Large hydro-electric generators are individually designed for the specific hydraulic and system conditions of a particular site. The paper reviews the various mechanical features of such a machine, in particular the bearings and how they are disposed relatively to the rotor, the stator frame core and windings with particular reference to the problems of transport to site, and the rotor design which is influenced by the high overspeed and high inertia requirements as well as transport limitations. In common with other electrical machines, the maximum output of a hydro-generator is limited by the temperature at which the insulated parts may be operated to give an acceptable life and attention is drawn to the use of direct water cooled machines. The special requirements of machines for pumped storage application are indicated, in particular those resulting from the need to operate in both directions of rotation, the effect of cyclic operation and the means of starting in the pumping direction. Axial flow turbines require specially designed generators and the more usual types are illustrated. For small hydro-generators, adaptation of the designs from the manufacturer's existing ranges of industrial machines is the usual approach but, irrespective of the size of the machine and its application, simplicity of construction with maximum reliability is the aim.

DOI:10.1049/ip-c.1986.0023

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The first part of the paper describes the advantages and disadvantages of a new design concept for reducing thermal stress in, and foundation loads from, the bearing brackets of large vertical hydro-electric generators. It shows that oblique spokes and oblique flexible plates represent an optimum design compromise under all major loading conditions. The second part introduces a new, 2-component type of thrust bearing for use under very heavy bearing loads. Four of these bearings have already proven themselves in 2–3 years of operation. The most modern calculation methods together with sophisticated instrumentation were required in its development.

DOI:10.1049/ip-c.1986.0024

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper discusses the maintenance of both pumped storage and conventional hydro-electric plant in the United Kingdom, dealing specifically with the experiences of one Group of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board. The types of hydro-electric plant considered are geographically well spread and are subject to a number of different hydraulic regimes. A computer program developed for the best utilisation of maintenance resources entitled ‘generation equipment maintenance’ (GEM) is introduced and discussed.

DOI:10.1049/ip-c.1986.0025

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper briefly details the evolution of control systems as applied to hydro-electric plant in the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board area over the past 20 years. Automatic control is described stressing the basic simplicity of hydro-electric plant. Remote control is treated in some depth with particular emphasis being placed on features peculiar to hydro stations. These include water level monitoring, dam gate controls and the various means of achieving communication channels. It also explains how display techniques have changed due mainly to the increasing use of VDUs. The paper also looks ahead to the types of systems which will be developed and implemented in the next 10 years. It pays particular attention to the greatly improved presentation methods that are becoming increasingly available to the operators in the control centres.

DOI:10.1049/ip-c.1986.0026

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET

摘要:

The paper examines the auxiliary equipment of hydro-electric generating stations and associated dams, spillways and other works in respect of the essentiality of electrical auxiliary supply to these equipments. Various alternative sources of auxiliary electrical supply are considered, the advantages and disadvantages of these are compared and proposals are made for high voltage distribution systems around the hydro-electric plant and associated works. Arrangements for DC supply systems and uninterruptable power supply (UPS) systems are also discussed.

DOI:10.1049/ip-c.1986.0027

出版商:IEE    

年代:1986

数据来源: IET