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| 11. |
Evaluation of potential chemoprotectants against microcystin‐LR hepatotoxicity in mice |
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Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 65-73
S. J. Hermansky,
S. J. Stohs,
Z. M. Eldeen,
V. F. Roche,
K. A. Mereish,
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摘要:
AbstractMicrocystin‐LR (MCLR) is a potent cyclic heptapeptide hepatotoxin produced by the blue‐green algae,Microcystis aeruginosa. Toxic blooms of this cyanobacteria have been reported throughout the temperate world. In spite of the potential economic loss and health hazard posed by this toxin, few studies on the development of an antidote have been conducted. Thus, a number of biologically active compounds were tested in mice for effectiveness in preventing the toxicity of a lethal dose of MCLR (100 μg kg−1). Efficacy was evaluated based upon the percentage of surviving mice, time to death and serum lactate dehydrogenase activity 45 min after treatment with the toxin. The biologically active compounds were separated into groups based upon proposed mechanisms of action. Enzyme induction by phenobarbital but not by 2,3,7,8‐tetrachlorodibenzo‐p‐dioxin (TCDD) resulted in partial protection against toxicity. Calcium channel blockers, free‐radical scavengers and water‐soluble antioxidants produced little protection against toxicity. The membrane‐active antioxidants vitamin E and silymarin, as well as glutathione and the monoethyl ester of glutathione, produced significant protection from lethality. Rifampin and cyclosporin‐A, both immunosuppressive and membrane‐active agents, which also block the bile acid uptake system of hepatocytes, produced complete protection from the toxicity of MCLR. Thus, lipophilic antioxidants provide partial protection against MCLR toxicity while cyclosporin‐A and rifampin are highly effective and potentially useful antidotes. The toxicity of MCLR may depend upon stimulation of the immune system and may be mediated
ISSN:0260-437X
DOI:10.1002/jat.2550110112
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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| 12. |
Reflections on the environmental factors that can modify the action of pyrrolizidine alkaloids |
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Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 75-75
R. Schoental,
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ISSN:0260-437X
DOI:10.1002/jat.2550110113
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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| 13. |
R. D. Kimbrough, K. R. Mahaffey, P. Grandjean, S.‐H. Sandoe and D. D. Rutstein. Clinical effects of environmental chemicals. Hemisphere Publications, New York, 1989; 110 pp. + software, £36.00 |
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Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 77-78
E. M. Benjamin,
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ISSN:0260-437X
DOI:10.1002/jat.2550110116
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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| 14. |
T. E. Lewis. Environmental chemistry and toxicology of aluminium. Lewis Publishers, Michigan, 1989 344 pp. £45.55 |
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Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page 78-78
J. D. Birchall,
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ISSN:0260-437X
DOI:10.1002/jat.2550110118
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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| 15. |
Masthead |
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Journal of Applied Toxicology,
Volume 11,
Issue 1,
1991,
Page -
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PDF (93KB)
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ISSN:0260-437X
DOI:10.1002/jat.2550110101
出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.
年代:1991
数据来源: WILEY
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