摘要:

AbstractMercapturic acid urinary excretion was followed in a control group and in chemical workers exposed to toxic and mutagenic compounds. Chemical workers had a significantly lower excretion of mercapturic acid when compared with controls. Smoking effects were not significant statistically. No correlation was found between urinary mutagenic activity and mercapturic acid urinary excretion.

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030202

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractInhalation of radioactive metallic mercury vapor (203H°) in the mouse resulted in an accumulation of mercury in several organs where no specific uptake was observed after i.v. injection of inorganic mercury (203Hg2+). This was true for the whole respiratory epithelium (including the lung parenchyma), myocardium, brain, retina of the eye, adrenal cortex, corpora lutea of the ovary, epididymis, brown fat and thyroid gland. It is assumed that these organs have a high capacity for oxidizing Hg° to Hg2+, which will then be retained in the tissues. Ethanol and aminotriazole (catalase inhibitors) decreased the concentration in several of these organs, although not in an exactly similar pattern. In the livers of non‐treated animals, most of the inhaled mercury accumulated in the hepatocytes in the periphery of the lobuli (periportal region), close to where the blood vessels enter the liver parenchyma. Treatment with ethanol or aminotriazole increased the liver mercury content, with more or less all the hepatocytes apparently engaged in the oxidation of

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030203

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe chlorination of surface waters is known to form trihalomethanes. Therefore, chlorine dioxide (ClO2) is being considered as an alternative disinfectant. This study was designed to determine the effect of chlorine dioxide and its metabolites, chlorite (ClO 2−) and chlorate (ClO 3−), on rat fetuses exposedin utero. Female rats were administered ClO2at 0, 1, 10 and 100 mg 1−1and ClO 2−or ClO 3−at 1 and 10 mg 1−1daily in the drinking water for 2 1/2 months prior to and throughout gestation. Rats were killed on day 20 and fetuses examined for external, skeletal and visceral malformations. Slight decreases in weight gain during pregnancy were seen in the ClO2administered groups. A significant dose‐response relationship in the decreases of the numbers of implants and live fetuses were observed in the ClO2groups. Although there were increased incidences of resorptions in the ClO 2−and ClO 3−groups, no statistically significant increase was found in the groups. Fetal weight was significantly increased in the 100 mg 1−1ClO2group. Also, fetal length was increased in the 10 mg 1−1ClO 2−and ClO 3−treatment groups. Skeletal defects, such as incompletely ossified or missing sternebrae, rudimentary ribs and incompletely ossified skull bones were increased in all treatment groups, but none were significantly different from the control group. A few cases of hypoplastic kidney, hydronephrosis and dextrocar

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030204

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of subchronic feeding of immobilized lactase composite followingin uteroexposure was studied in Sprague‐Dawley rats. The dose levels of immobilized lactase composite that were used were 25, 100 and 400 mg per kg body weight per day. Reproduction performance, body weight gain and food consumption, organ weight, hematological and clinical chemical data, and ophthalmic, gross and histopathological examinations were used to study possible toxicological or pathological effects. No treatment‐related effects were observed in either male or female rats exposed to immobilized lactase composite at any dose le

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030205

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe potential toxicity ofN‐methylpyrrolidone was evaluated following dietary administration for 13 weeks to male and female beagle dogs at dosage levels of 25, 79 and 250 mg per kg body weight per day. Body weight gain and food consumption, hematological and clinical chemical data, and ophthalmic, gross and histopathological examinations were used to study possible toxicological or pathological effects. No statistically significant treatment‐related effects that were judged to be biologically meaningful were seen in any parameters of either male or female animals exposed toN‐methylpyrrolidone at any dose level. However, a dose‐dependent decrease in body weight and increase in platelet count that correlated with increased megakaryocytes was observed. Serum cholesterol in males decreased with increasin

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030206

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe blood kinetics of carbaryl were followed over 24h after oral administration of14C‐carbaryl at 20 mg kg (0.17 μCi mg−1) in control animals and in animals with an altered liver function (70% hepatectomy or tranylcypromine treatment). The variations in the primary toxicity of carbaryl were assessed by measuring the inhibition of the plasma and erythrocyte cholinesterases and by evaluation of the lethal doses. The14C radioactivity in the blood and, in parallel, cholinesterase inhibition were maintained at a higher level in animals with an altered hepatic function. A study of acute toxicity also showed a decrease of the LD50(91 mg kg−1with tranylcypromine, 342 mg kg−1in the hepatectomized group) in the treated animals, with respect to the controls (585 mg kg−1). In all cases, tranylcypromine had a greater effect on blood kinetics, cholinesterase inhibition and LD50than did 70% h

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030207

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHepatotoxicity of vinylidene chloride (1,1‐dichloroethylene, VDC) in rats was evidenced by increases of serum enzyme activities of the aminotransferases (GOT, GPT) and sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH). Simultaneous treatment with ethanol (4.8 g kg−1p.o.) totally inhibited these hepatotoxic effects, whereas pretreatment with the same ethanol dose 24h prior to VDC had no effect. Dithiocarb or (+)‐catechin (0.2 g kg−1;p.o.), administered simultaneously with VDC, significantly reduced the VDC‐induced increments of serum enzyme activities. Pretreatment with 5% ethanol for 7 days instead of drinking water increased the hepatotoxicity of a single dose of VDC. The combined treatment with VDC (0.125–0.2 g kg−1, twice weekly) and 5% ethanol for 4 weeks led to only small increases of serum enzyme activities as compared with controls treated with VDC alone. However, 60% lethality occurred in the VDC‐ethanol group. Administration of either dithiocarb or (+)‐catechin with VDC totally antagonized the observed lethality. Metabolic studies with VDC in a closed exposure system indicated that simultaneous treatment with ethanol or dithiocarb totally depressed the metabolic removal of VDC, whereas (+)‐cat

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030208

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAcetaminophen (APAP) is considered one of the safest of all minor analgesics, but when taken in large doses (>10g) toxicity occurs. Severely poisoned patients experience hepatic and/or renal failure. The major metabolic pathway of APAP is formation of glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. A minor pathway is formation of a reactive metabolite that conjugates with glutathione (GSH). When GSH is depleted, the reactive metabolite causes necrosis of hepatic and other tissues. Treatment of APAP toxicity involves supplying alternate sulfhydryl donors or inhibiting oxidative formation of the reactive metabolite. Estimation of plasma APAP levels is necessary for effective treatment.

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030209

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSixteen amine compounds that are used in the rubber industry, and sodium nitrite, were tested on three‐day chicken embryos for embryotoxicity. The parameters measured were: early deaths recorded within two days of injection, late deaths of malformed embryos, late deaths of non‐malformed embryos and malformed survivors. The most embryotoxic chemicals wereN‐phenyl‐N′‐isopropyl‐p‐phenylenediamine,N,N,N,‐triethylethylenediamine,N,N′,‐dicyclohexyl‐p‐phenyleneamine and triethylamine, with total effect ED50values, including deaths and malformations, between 0.11 and 0.90 μmol per egg. The ED50values for triethylenetetramine,N‐(1,3‐dimethylbutyl)‐N′‐phenyl‐p‐phenylenediamine, triethanolamine,N‐phenyl‐2‐naphtylamine, aniline andN‐nitrosodiphenylamine ranged from 1.1 to 7.0 μnol per egg. Sodium nitrite was the least potent, with an ED50of 22 μmol per egg. Six chemicals produced no effects. They probably did not reach the embryo. The four most potent chemicals, together with anilin

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030210

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030201

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY