ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030302

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFormaldehyde is ubiquitous in the environment. As an aqueous solution, it causes burns on contact with the skin and eyes, and the vapour is irritating to the eyes and respiratory system. It is a sensitizing agent and may affect susceptible individuals at levels below the current British TLV of 2 ppm. It has been tested for teratogenicity in several animal species by a variety of routes, but was not positive in any of the studies. Inhalation of the vapour has been shown to cause nasal cancer in rats and mice. However, epidemiological studies have failed to confirm whether or not the compound is carcinogenic in humans.

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030303

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSymphytum officinaleL. (Boraginaceae) is a medicinal plant widely used in therapy. Its roots, described in thePolish Pharmacopoeia1asRadix symphyti, are recommended as expectorants, especially for children. Aqueous solutions of three alkaloid fractions obtained from infusions ofSymphytum officinaleL. root were tested for their antimitotic and mutagenic activity in meristematic cells of the lateral roots ofVicia fabaL., varminor. Lasiocarpine, a proven carcinogen, served as a positive control. Mutagenic effects were induced by lasiocarpine, by the alkaloidal fraction I and by diluted infusions fromRadix symphyti. Fraction III had only antimitotic effect. The biological activity of the tested solutions is discussed in relation to the relevant literature.

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030304

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAffinity of mercury compounds to various phospholipids and fatty acids were examined. Inorganic mercury showed a higher affinity to lipids containing unsaturated fatty acids than to those composed of saturated fatty acids. This suggests that inorganic mercury may easily act on the double bonds of fatty acid residues in phospholipids which are major components of the biomembrane. On the other hand, methylmercury was almost inert to these lipids regardless of the presence or absence of unsaturated bonds.

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030305

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA possible mechanism of biological effects of silicate dusts is the interaction between silicic acid and tissue constituents, and this has been studiedin vitro.On incubating silicic acid with lung homogenate, appreciable amounts of silicon were recovered in the trichloroacetic acid precipitate in both organic solvent extract and residual protein. Polyvinyl pyrrolidone inhibited this interaction as well as reducing the dissolution of silicic acid from asbestos dust. The capacity of serum albumin to bind silicic acid was also observed. Chemical interaction between macromolecules and silicic acid could be one of the factors responsible for the biological effects of silicon—containing dust

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030306

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy using spectrophotometric atomic absorption, the release of cadmium from some plastic materials (polyethylenes, PVC, polystyrene) used for manufacturing containers, wraps and household objects (which are coloured with pigments derived from cadmium compounds) was studied. Subchronic experiments (45 days) were carried out in white Wistar rats with extracts from cadmium—containing plastic in comparison with the pigment alone. The excreted cadmium in urine and the activity of some serum enzymes were determined. Histopathological changes of the main internal organs were observed. It was found that some pigments of the Papion type have the property of releasing cadmium in amounts exceeding the admitted sanitary levels, amounts which proved to be toxic, producing enzymic and histopathological changes in kidneys and teste

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030307

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe content of selenium and mercury in urine was measured in 28 male workers exposed to Hg° and in 21 unexposed male controls. The first group excreted significantly more selenium into urine as compared with the control group. No significant correlation between mercury and selenium excretion was found

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030308

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe percutaneous absorption of an organosilicon quaternary ammonium chloride (14C)‐3‐(trimethoxysilyl)‐propyldimethyloctadecyl ammonium chloride (14C‐Si‐QAC) was studied in rabbits. Aqueous solution of14C‐Si‐QAC was either applied to the intact, clipped back of animals for 10 days or administered by a single intravenous dose. Urine and feces were collected at 24‐h intervals and tissue concentration of radioactivity was determined at the end of the 10‐day study period. Elimination of14C‐Si‐QAC after parenteral administration was slow and occurred by both urine and feces (13.5% in urine and 20% in feces). No radioactivity was found in the urine of dermally treated animals. Tissue concentrations of14C were highest in the liver, lung and kidneys after i.v. administration. None was detected in tissues of dermally treated animals. The results showed that the absorption of14C‐Si‐QAC through the skin of the rabbit was essentially zero. The potential absorption hazard of the use of this antimicrobial agent in contact with the skin is therefore consi

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030309

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAlcide® is a germicidal compound which is currently being used as a liquid sterilizer. This agent has the ability to kill a wide range of bacteria, viruses and fungiin vitrowithin 1 min. The active ingredients in this sterilizer are sodium chlorite and lactic acid. The kinetics of36Cl‐labelled liquid Alcide® were studied in rats. After oral administration, the peak plasma level was obtained in 8 h. The half life for36Cl absorption from plasma was 8.03 h, corresponding to a rate constant of 0.086 h−1, while the half life for36Cl elimination from plasma was 48.02 h, corresponding to a rate constant of 0.014 h−1. At 144 h, radioactivity was highest in plasma followed by lung, kidney, skin, bone marrow, stomach, ovary, duodenum, ileum, spleen, fat, brain, liver and carcass. The greatest amount of activity in whole blood was present in plasma. Subcellular distribution revealed that 85% of the activity in the liver homogenate resided in the cytosol. Seventy per cent of total activity in plasma was located in the trichloroacetic acid (TCA) supernant, with 30% bound to the precipitated protein fraction. Urinary excretion accounted for most of the36CI eliminated. Radioactivity was excreted as chloride and chlorite i

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030310

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBiochemical effects of a single and once‐repeated exposure to carbon monoxide (0.2% CO, 30 min) were studied in mouse brain. The effect of the severity of the first exposure on the brain reaction to the second exposure (0.2% CO, 30 min) was also studied after exposure to four different CO doses (0.2% CO for 0, 2 or 5 h, and 0.3% CO for 2 h). 1. The DNA content of brain decreased after single and once‐repeated CO exposures. The effect of the second exposure was greater than that of the first. 2. The changes in the glycosphingolipid synthesis of brain were measured as the specific rate of precursor incorporation into the two isolated galactolipid fractions, i.e., cerebrosides and gangliosides following a 2‐h pulse‐labelling with 3H‐galactosein vivo.The synthesis of cerebrosides was substantially inhibited for a short period after the first and the second exposures. A late compensatory over‐ecovery of synthesis was found only after the second exposure. The rate of galactose incorporation into gangliosides was not immediately depressed after CO exposure, but otherwise the changes were similar to those of cerebrosides. 3. The protein, phospholipid and cerebroside contents of brain were also affected in parallel fashion with the changes of DNA content. The content of gangliosides was increased after the first, but not after the second exposure. The enhanced reaction of brain to the second CO poisoning suggests the existence of sublethal brain cell injury which is produced by the first CO exposure and manifested by altered reactions to the seco

ISSN:0260-437X    

DOI:10.1002/jat.2550030311

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd.    

年代:1983

数据来源: WILEY